There are several stages in the accounting process, and one of these stages is compiling trial balance. The old accounting arrangement led to the emergence of a system called the Accounting Management System which aims to facilitate accounting processes such as making a trial balance. Without compiling it, the ongoing accounting process will become incomplete. A company can obtain various benefits in compiling of this. One of them is knowing the balance of the debit and credit amount. Check out this article to find out more about this process in accounting!
Table of Content
The Definition of Trial Balance
Trial balance is a working paper in the form of a balance list that containing account names and balances on the general ledger. This is use to determine the suitability of the amount of the debit column and the credit column at the end of the accounting period.
Some experts from Indonesia expressed their opinions about the definition of this term. For example, Effendi said that trial balance is an accounts list in the company or business entity general ledger in a certain period. Meanwhile, Soemarso said that it is a list of account balances in the company’s general ledger in a certain period.
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The Functions of Trial Balance
It has several functions. Here are the 4 functions of trial balance:
- Check for errors that can occur when posting financial transactions.
- Helping the preparation of financial statements.
- Supervision of the used company accounts.
- Recording business financial transaction data according to the account.
The Benefits of Trial Balance
As one of the stages in the accounting process, it has several benefits for the company. Here are the benefits of trial balance :
- The checking process will run smoothly.
- The posting process will be easy.
- Assessment material on the company credibility.
Several Steps in Compiling Trial Balance
There are several steps in compiling trial balance. To begin with, you must calculate the balance of each account on the general ledger. Next, if this step passes, you should write the account names of the assets, debts, capital, income, and expenses elements according to the general ledger to the “Account Name” column.
Furthermore, do not forget to write each balance that contained in the general ledger to the working sheet according to the account name. No less important, make sure that you calculate the total debit and credit columns and match them. Accumulated depreciation in trial balance increase until it nears the original cost of the asset, at which point, the depreciation expense account is closed out.
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Types of Trial Balance
There are several types of trial balance. Here is the explanation of each type:
Unadjusted
This type can be said as a balance list compiled after the entire transaction has been posted to the general ledger. The account balance in the general ledger will be move to the balance list. This type will determine if there are any errors when posting debits and credits into the general ledger.
In addition, a balance list that has not been adjusted will make it easier for you to detect errors that occur. With this, you can immediately make improvements to the error.
Speaking of how to create it, this type can be done by posting transactions on the general ledger. When all successful transactions are posted on the general ledger, the next step is preparing the unadjusted balance list.
Adjusted
This type is a balance list that is compile after the adjustment process on certain accounts is being complete. Adjustments must be made because some accounts must be adjusted first before compiling the financial statements. Examples of these accounts such as account balances for unearned expenses and unearned revenue.
In compiling this type, moving the account balance into an adjustment journal becomes the first step. When the adjusting entries have been posted, the next step is to create an adjusted account balance.
Post-closing
This type is a balance list that ensures the general ledger already has a balance for the next first period. This procedure is the last step taken in the one accounting period after being inputted into the closing entries.
Talking about how to compiling this type, closing the book is being the first step. This is because, previously, some accounts move to the general ledger. Later on, the data on the general ledger will be the same as the data reported to the financial statements. Account balances reported on the trial balance are permanent, while data on income statements only report the amounts for one period.
In reporting the amount of one period, the account balance at the beginning of the period must be 0 (zero). To make the balance 0 (zero), the closing entries can be use balance of expenses and income. Keep in mind that using a general ledger software is a great way of automating some of these tasks and ensure your financials are on point.
Example
To make you better in understanding this here is an example of it:
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Conclusion
It is important to compiling the financial statements. Without compiling it, a company can’t determine the suitability of the amount of the debit column and the credit column at the end of the accounting period. A company will get various benefits from compiling trial balance. One of the benefits is the ease in the posting process.
HashMicro as a leading ERP Software vendor in Singapore provides solution for your company in operating business automatically, such as Accounting System to Competency Management System. While optimizing your business’ finance using the Accounting System, Competency Management System can help you monitor your employees’ work performance, which can even help you better in optimizing your business growth.
