{"id":7666,"date":"2024-09-06T10:05:46","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T10:05:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/?p=7666"},"modified":"2026-03-03T08:52:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T08:52:08","slug":"perpetual-inventory-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/perpetual-inventory-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Perpetual Inventory System: Definition, Benefits, and Formulas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Imagine running a business where you always know exactly how much stock you have at any given moment. No surprises, no shortages, and no need for a last-minute rush to restock. Sounds perfect, right? But how is this possible? Many businesses still rely on outdated systems that lead to costly errors and inefficiencies.<\/p>\n<p>This is where a <strong>perpetual inventory system<\/strong> comes in. It promises to keep your inventory updated in real-time, ensuring smooth operations. But what exactly is a perpetual inventory system, and how does it work? Let&#8217;s explore.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: coacllapse; background-color: #fffacd; border-radius: 25px 25px 25px 25px;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 15px; border: none;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #990000; color: #ffffff; padding: 5px;\"><b>Key Takeaways<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5 overflow-x-auto whitespace-normal\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"df1507ea-3fdc-415d-9766-0c8daa003e3c\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#what-is-perpetual-inventory\">A perpetual inventory system tracks stock levels<\/a> in real-time, updating with every sale, return, or restock. This helps businesses avoid stockouts, reduce overstocking, and make faster, informed decisions.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#perpetual-inventory-benefit\">Perpetual inventory provides real-time updates<\/a>, unlike periodic systems, which update at intervals. While it requires an investment in technology, the benefits of accurate, automated data make it a more efficient choice.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#calculation\">The perpetual inventory system is calculated<\/a> using\u00a0the EOQ formula for optimal order quantity, COGS for cost of goods sold, and the ending inventory is acquired by subtracting COGS from the total goods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span data-sheets-root=\"1\"><div id=\"toc_group_article\" style=''>\r\n\t<p style='font-size:25px;font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:0px'>\r\n\t\tTable of Contents\r\n\t<\/p>\r\n\t<ul id=\"list_toc\" class='list_toc'><\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"placeholder-toc\"><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"toc\">\r\n    <div class=\"header\">\r\n\t<span class=\"toc-title\" id=\"toc-title\">Content Lists<\/span>\t\r\n\t <i class=\"toc-icon\">\r\n        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"header-icon\">\r\n          <path d=\"m6 9 6 6 6-6\" \/>\r\n        <\/svg>\r\n      <\/i>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"list\">\r\n      <ul id=\"toc-list\"><\/ul>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\/* Simple styling for the TOC *\/\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc ul li:last-child {\r\n    padding-bottom: 16px; \/* Adjust the value as needed *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: unset !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: unset !important; \r\n}\r\n.footer-contact .td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: translateZ(0) !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: translateZ(0) !important; \r\n}\r\n\t.tdb_single_content .tdb-block-inner.td-fix-index{\r\n\t\tposition: static;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n#toc {\r\n  background-color: #FFF;\r\n\tpadding: 17px 24px 20px 24px !important;\r\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n\/*   border: 1px solid #9C171E; *\/\r\n  border-radius: 6px;\r\n\tdisplay: none;\r\n  max-width: 100%;\r\n  transition: .4s ease height;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\toverflow: hidden;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc .header{\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n\tbackground-color: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc.sticky .header{\r\n\t\tpadding: 4px 0;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.header p{\r\n  font-size: 18px !important;\r\n  font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n  color: #393939;\r\n   margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  \/* margin-top: 20px; *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.toc-icon{\r\n  float: right;\r\n\/*   visibility: hidden; *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n\t.toc-title{\r\n\t\tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\/* \t\tpadding-left: 20px; *\/\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 600;\r\n\t\talign-self: center;\t}\t\r\n\r\n#toc ul {\r\n  list-style-type: none;\r\n  padding-left: 0;\r\n  padding-top: 20px;\r\n  margin-top: 0px;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc.sticky ul{\r\n\toverflow-y: auto;\r\n\tmax-height: 250px;\r\n\tmargin-top: 0px;\r\n\tpadding-top: 20px;\r\n\/* \tborder-top: 1px solid #d3d3d3; *\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc ul li {\r\n\/*   margin-bottom: 10px; *\/\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\ttransition: .2s ease;\r\n\tcursor: pointer;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc.sticky ul li {\r\n\t  margin-right: 10px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list li a:hover, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tpadding: 8px 16px 8px 16px; *\/\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 16px;\r\n\tborder-radius: 6px;\r\n\tcolor: #9c171e !important;\r\n\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.td-post-content #toc-list li:hover a, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\t\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tfont-weight: bold !important;\r\n\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc a, .td-post-content #toc-list a {\r\n  text-decoration: none;\r\n  color: #ea1717 !important;\r\n  transition: .2s ease;\r\n\tfont-weight: 400 !important;\r\n\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky {\r\n  position: fixed;\r\n\/*   top: 73px; *\/\r\n\tbottom: 0;\r\n  z-index: 100; \r\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); \r\n\twidth: 100%; \r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tbackground-color: #FFF1F1; *\/\r\n\tborder-bottom: 1px solid #ea1717;\r\n\/*   border: 1px solid #393939; *\/\r\n  box-shadow: 0px 0px 14px 0px #00000040;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\tpadding: 12px 16px !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadein{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadeout{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadeout .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadein{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadeout{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t\r\n#toc.sticky .header p{\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-top: 10px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .toc-icon{\r\n  visibility: visible;\r\n\/* \ttransition: 0.4s ease; *\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.toc-icon{\r\n\t\talign-items: center;\r\n    \tdisplay: flex;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\tsvg.header-icon{\r\n\/* \t\tbackground-color: #9c171e; *\/\r\n\t\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\t\tborder-radius: 30px;\r\n\t\tpadding: 5px;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc .header.active .toc-icon{\r\n\ttransform: rotate(0deg); \r\n\topacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\t#toc .header.active + .list {\r\n\t  max-height: 200px; \/* Adjust this value as needed *\/\r\n\t  opacity: 1;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#placeholder-toc{\r\n\/* \t\tdisplay: none; *\/\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 104px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 0px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: unset !important;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (max-width: 767px){\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 100% !important;\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 84% !important;\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 81px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 60px;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-left: auto;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\t\t\tpadding: 0 16px;\r\n\/* \t\t\tright: 5%; *\/\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc > li > ul {padding-left: 20px;margin-bottom: 0;}\r\n\t#list_toc{height:max-content;transition:ease-in-out}\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li.active > a {color:#b1252d;background: #ffe1e3;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {padding:3px 7px}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\tcolor:#000;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\t\ttransition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;\r\n\t\tfont-size:15px\r\n\t}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li{list-style:none;list-style-position:inside; margin-left:0;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float a:hover{color:#b1252d;}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a{margin-bottom:0px}\r\n\t#toc_group_float{\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(100vh - 100px);\r\n\t\toverflow: auto;\r\n\t\tz-index: 99;\r\n\t\tdisplay:none!important;\r\n\t\tbackground:#fff;\r\n\t\ttransition:all 0.5s linear\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width:1019px){\r\n\t\t#toc_group_float {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:block!important;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (max-width:768px){\r\n\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t \/* custom scrollbar style *\/\r\n::-webkit-scrollbar {\r\n    width: 7px;\r\n}\r\n::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\r\n    background: #d7a2a4;\r\n}\r\n::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\r\n    background: #b1252d;\r\n    border-radius: 15px;\r\n}\t\t\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n\tdocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n\t\t\/\/ Function to handle click on all <a> elements with href starting with #\r\n\t\tfunction handleTitleClick(event) {\r\n\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\r\n\t\t\tconst targetId = this.getAttribute('href').substring(1);\r\n\t\t\tconst targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId);\r\n\r\n\t\t\tif (targetElement) {\r\n\t\t\t\tconst headerHeight = document.querySelector('#toc .header').offsetHeight;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst navbarHeight = document.getElementById('tdi_34') ? document.getElementById('tdi_34').offsetHeight : 0;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst windowHeight = window.innerHeight;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst targetOffset = targetElement.offsetTop;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst scrollTo = targetOffset + (windowHeight \/ 2) + (headerHeight) - navbarHeight - 40;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\twindow.scrollTo({\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttop: scrollTo,\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbehavior: 'smooth'\r\n\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\/\/ Add event listener for all <a> elements in toc-list and list-toc\r\n\t\tconst titleLinks = document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a, #list_toc a');\r\n\t\ttitleLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n\t\t\tlink.addEventListener('click', handleTitleClick);\r\n\t\t});\r\n\t});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<!-- ToC List for mobile -->\r\n<script>\r\n \/\/ Generate TOC based on headings\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  \/\/ Get the element that will contain the TOC\r\n  const tocList = document.getElementById('toc-list');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Get the element with class 'td-post-content'\r\n  const article = document.querySelector('.td-post-content');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Find all h2 elements within the article\r\n  const headers = article.getElementsByTagName('h2');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Loop through the h2 elements and create a list item for each one\r\n  for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {\r\n    const header = headers[i];\r\n    const headerText = header.textContent;\r\n\/\/     const headerId = 'header-' + i;\r\n    const headerId = headerText\r\n    .toLowerCase()\r\n    .trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^\\w\\s-]\/g, '')  \/\/ hapus tanda baca\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-'); \/\/ ganti spasi jadi \"-\"\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Set an ID for the header if it doesn't have one\r\n    header.setAttribute('id', headerId);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a list item for the TOC\r\n    const listItem = document.createElement('li');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a link for the list item\r\n    const link = document.createElement('a');\r\n    link.setAttribute('href', '#' + headerId);\r\n    link.textContent = headerText;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the link to the list item\r\n    listItem.appendChild(link);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the list item to the TOC list\r\n    tocList.appendChild(listItem);\r\n  }\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ Keep height and placement of content using placeholder in place of TOC\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const placeholderToc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n\r\n  function setPlaceholderHeight() {\r\n    placeholderToc.style.height = `${toc.offsetHeight}px`;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Set the initial height of the placeholder\r\n  setPlaceholderHeight();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Update the height on window resize\r\n  window.addEventListener('resize', setPlaceholderHeight);\r\n});\r\n  const tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title');\r\n\r\n\/\/ Sticky TOC and update heading\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const footer = document.querySelector('.td-footer-template-wrap');\r\n  const tocParent = toc.parentElement;\r\n  const divTop = tocParent.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset;\r\n  const tocHeight = toc.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerPoint = divTop + tocHeight + 700;\r\n  const footerHeight = footer.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerFooterPoint = footer.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset - footerHeight - footerHeight - footerHeight;\r\n  const phtoc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n  const headers = document.querySelectorAll('.td-post-content h2');\r\n  const navLinks = document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a');\r\n\t\r\n\tconst panel2 = document.querySelector(\"#toc .list\");\r\n\tvar icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n\r\n  let activeLink = null; \/\/ Declare activeLink outside the loop\r\n\t\r\n  \/\/ Function to handle scroll and add\/remove .sticky class\r\n  function handleScroll() {\r\n    const windowTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;\r\n    let currentHeader = '';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Highlight user progress as the heading comes\r\n    headers.forEach(header => {\r\n\t\tconst headerTop = header.offsetTop;\r\n\t\tconst headerHeight = header.clientHeight;\r\n\t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Contents'; \/\/ Selalu pertahankan judul ini di mobile\r\n\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\tif (window.scrollY >= (headerTop - headerHeight + 700)) {\r\n\t\t\t\tconst currentHeaderId = header.getAttribute('id');\r\n\t\t\t\tconst currentHeaderText = document.getElementById(currentHeaderId).textContent;\r\n\t\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = currentHeaderText;\r\n\t\t\t\tcurrentHeader = currentHeaderId;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t});\r\n\r\n    navLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n      link.classList.remove('active');\r\n      if(currentHeader != '') {\r\n\t\t  if (link.getAttribute('href').includes(currentHeader)) {\r\n\t\t\t  link.classList.add('active');\r\n\t\t  }\r\n\t  }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Update TOC title if sticky\r\n    if (windowTop > triggerPoint) {\r\n      if (!toc.classList.contains('sticky')) {\r\n        phtoc.style.display = \"block\";\r\n        toc.classList.add('sticky');\r\n        toc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n        toc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n        toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\t\tpanel2.style.height = '0px';\r\n\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\t\t  if(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\t  tocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Contents'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n       \t\t  toc.style.width = '150px'; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n\t\t  }\r\n      }\r\n      if (currentHeader) {\r\n        tocTitle.textContent = activeLink ? activeLink.textContent : \"\"; \/\/ Update title only if activeLink exists\r\n      }\r\n    } else {\r\n      toc.classList.remove('sticky');\r\n      phtoc.style.display = \"none\";\r\n      toc.style.width = 'unset'; \/\/ Reset to original width\r\n      toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n      tocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Contents'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n\t\tpanel2.style.height = panel2.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n\t\ticon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Attach the scroll event listener to the window\r\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', handleScroll);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Initial call to handleScroll to set the correct state on load\r\n    handleScroll();\r\n});\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/ Open toggle TOC\r\n\t  document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n\t\tvar tocHeader = document.querySelector(\"#toc .header\");\r\n\t\tvar toc = document.querySelector(\"#toc\");\r\n\t\tvar icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n\t\tconst tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title');\r\n\t\tconst tocs = document.querySelector('#toc.sticky');\r\n \t\tconst tocParent = toc.parentElement;\t\t  \r\n\r\n\t\t  tocHeader.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\r\n\t\t\tvar panel = this.nextElementSibling;\r\n\t\t\tif (panel.style.height !== '0px') { \/\/ Check if height is not 0px\r\n\t\t\t  panel.style.height = '0px'; \/\/ Set height to 0 for full collapse\r\n\t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\t\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth > 768){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif(!toc.classList.contains('sticky')){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = \"unset\";\r\n\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif (toc.classList.contains('sticky')){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = '${tocParent.offsetWidth}px';\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = \"unset\"; \/\/ Reset width\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\ttoc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF1F1\";\r\n\t\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t  panel.style.height = panel.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n\t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(0deg)\";\r\n\t\t\t  toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\t\t\t  tocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Contents'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n\t\t\t\ttoc.style.paddingBottom = '24px';\r\n\t\t\t \tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`; 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It provides businesses with real-time data on their stock levels, helping them make informed decisions instantly.<\/p>\n<p>Imagine you run an online electronics store. Each time a customer buys or returns a smartphone, your perpetual inventory system instantly updates stock levels. Similarly, when new headphones arrive, the system updates the count in real-time. This ensures you avoid stockouts of popular items and overstocking of slow-moving ones, optimizing inventory and reducing costs.<\/p>\n<p>In this way, a perpetual inventory system gives you greater control over your inventory, reduces errors, and allows you to respond more quickly to changes in customer demand with the help of an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/inventory-report\/\">inventory report<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span id=\"what-is-perpetual-inventory\">Key Features of Perpetual Inventory System<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-32633\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Key-Features-of-Perpetual-Inventory-System.webp\" alt=\"Perpetual inventory system features\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Key-Features-of-Perpetual-Inventory-System.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Key-Features-of-Perpetual-Inventory-System-300x150.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Key-Features-of-Perpetual-Inventory-System-768x384.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Key-Features-of-Perpetual-Inventory-System-150x75.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Key-Features-of-Perpetual-Inventory-System-696x348.webp 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The perpetual inventory system stands out for its ability to provide accurate, real-time insights into stock levels, making it a valuable tool for businesses. Here are three key features:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Real-time Updates:<\/strong> The system continuously updates inventory levels with every sale, return, or restock. This helps businesses monitor stock instantly, prevent stockouts or overstocking, and respond quickly to changes in demand.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Automation: <\/strong>The system automatically records transactions and updates stock without manual intervention. This reduces errors, saves time, and allows employees to focus on more critical tasks, improving overall efficiency.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Integration with Other Business Systems: <\/strong>The system integrates with sales, finance, and procurement, ensuring that every transaction is reflected across all systems. This creates seamless coordination between departments and enhances decision-making.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>Perpetual vs. Periodic Inventory Systems<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>The main difference between periodic and perpetual inventory systems lies in how frequently stock levels are updated<\/strong>. In a periodic system, inventory is only updated at set intervals, such as monthly or yearly.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, a perpetual system updates instantly with every transaction, providing businesses with real-time information such as\u00a0up-to-date stock levels, reducing the need for manual work, helping prevent stock shortages or overstocking, and improving decision-making through accurate data.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these benefits, there are some disadvantages. Implementing a perpetual system can be costly, and it requires proper technology and software to function smoothly. <span id=\"perpetual-inventory-benefit\">So, why should businesses choose a perpetual inventory system over a periodic one? The benefits: even with its downside it still has real-time data and automation making it a more efficient and accurate choice for managing inventory.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits of Using a Perpetual Inventory System<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7680 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/What-Is-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-and-How-Does-It-Work.webp\" alt=\"Benefits of Using a Perpetual Inventory System\" width=\"1200\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/What-Is-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-and-How-Does-It-Work.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/What-Is-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-and-How-Does-It-Work-300x163.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/What-Is-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-and-How-Does-It-Work-1024x555.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/What-Is-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-and-How-Does-It-Work-768x416.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/What-Is-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-and-How-Does-It-Work-775x420.webp 775w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/What-Is-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-and-How-Does-It-Work-150x81.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/What-Is-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-and-How-Does-It-Work-696x377.webp 696w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/What-Is-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-and-How-Does-It-Work-1068x580.webp 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Implementing a perpetual inventory system offers several key advantages that streamline operations and improve efficiency. Let\u2019s explore the specific benefits that make this system so valuable.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Real-time Inventory Tracking: <\/strong>Real-time tracking ensures businesses always know their stock levels, helping to prevent stockouts. This allows for timely reorders and better customer satisfaction.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reduced Manual Work: <\/strong>Automated updates reduce the need for manual stock counts, saving time and effort. Employees can focus on more important tasks, improving efficiency and lowering labor costs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Better Accuracy in Inventory Levels: <\/strong>By recording each transaction instantly, the system minimizes errors in stock counts. This results in more accurate data, enabling businesses to make informed purchasing decisions and reduce waste.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cost Savings in Inventory Management: <\/strong>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/inventory-control\/\">inventory control system<\/a> prevents overstocking, reducing storage costs and freeing up capital. It also helps prevent stockouts, which ensures that there&#8217;s no missed sales.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>With these clear benefits, it\u2019s time to look at how businesses can actually use a perpetual inventory system in their daily operations.<\/p>\n<style>\r\n    #custom-quote {\r\n        background-color: #f0f0f0;\r\n        padding: 20px;\r\n        border-radius: 12px;\r\n        margin: 20px;\r\n        display: flex;\r\n        flex-direction: column;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #custom-quote .quote-body {\r\n        display: flex;\r\n        flex-direction: row;\r\n        align-items: flex-start;\r\n        gap: 15px;\r\n        font-size: 16px;\r\n        line-height: 1.5;\r\n        font-style: italic;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #custom-quote .quote-icon {\r\n        width: 40px;\r\n        height: 40px;\r\n        flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #custom-quote .quote-author-wrapper {\r\n        margin-top: 15px;\r\n        align-self: flex-start;\r\n        margin-left: 55px; \r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 0px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #custom-quote em {\r\n        font-family: 'Roboto Serif', serif !important;\r\n        font-size: 12px;\r\n        font-weight: bold;\r\n        font-style: normal;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n        #custom-quote {\r\n            margin: 15px 0;\r\n            padding: 15px;\r\n        }\r\n        \r\n        #custom-quote .quote-body {\r\n            gap: 12px;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        #custom-quote .quote-author-wrapper {\r\n            margin-left: 52px;\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {\r\n        #custom-quote {\r\n            margin: 10px 0;\r\n            padding: 12px;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        #custom-quote .quote-body {\r\n            font-size: 14px;\r\n            gap: 10px;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        #custom-quote .quote-icon {\r\n            width: 32px;\r\n            height: 32px;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        #custom-quote .quote-author-wrapper {\r\n            margin-top: 10px;\r\n            margin-left: 42px;\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"custom-quote\">\r\n    <div class=\"quote-body\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/quote.webp\" alt=\"Quote Icon\" class=\"quote-icon\">\r\n        <div>\r\n            A perpetual inventory system not only saves time but also improves accuracy. By continuously updating stock levels with every transaction, businesses can achieve better control and eliminate discrepancies.        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <p class=\"quote-author-wrapper\">\r\n        <em>Linda M. LaPointe, Supply Chain Management Expert<\/em>\r\n    <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>How to Use a Perpetual Inventory System<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-32634\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Use-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System.webp\" alt=\"Using perpetual inventory system\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Use-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Use-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-300x150.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Use-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-768x384.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Use-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-150x75.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Use-a-Perpetual-Inventory-System-696x348.webp 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Using a perpetual inventory system involves several key steps that streamline inventory management. Each step contributes to more accurate, automated, and efficient stock control. Let\u2019s walk through the process.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Step 1: Recording Sales and Purchases<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The first step in using a perpetual inventory system involves automatically recording transactions. When a sale occurs or inventory is purchased, the system immediately adjusts stock levels. For instance, if a business sells 10 units of a product, the system reduces the inventory count by 10, ensuring that inventory levels remain current.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Step 2: Updating Inventory Levels Automatically<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>One of the greatest advantages of a perpetual system is its ability to automatically update inventory in real-time. As transactions occur, the system adjusts stock levels without manual input. This automation gives businesses accurate and current information on available stock, reducing the risk of discrepancies.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Step 3: Tracking Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The system also tracks the cost of goods sold (COGS). Each time an item is sold, the system automatically updates the COGS, ensuring that financial records accurately reflect the cost of inventory sold during a specific period. This is essential for calculating profitability and maintaining precise financial statements.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Step 4: Automating Purchase Orders<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>When stock levels fall below a preset threshold, the perpetual inventory system can automatically generate purchase orders to replenish inventory. This automation saves time, ensures stock availability, and prevents the risk of running out of popular items. Businesses can set up <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/order-management-system\/\">specific order management<\/a> points to trigger these orders, making the process more efficient.<\/p>\n<p>Once you have these steps in place, using specific formulas can further optimize your inventory management.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span id=\"calculation\">Common Formulas in Perpetual Inventory<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Several key formulas help businesses optimize stock management within a perpetual inventory system.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The EOQ formula helps businesses calculate the optimal order quantity that minimizes the total costs of inventory, including holding and ordering costs. It ensures that you order just the right amount, avoiding excess stock or frequent reordering.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22754 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Economic-Order-Quantity-EOQ.webp\" alt=\"Economic Order Quantity EOQ\" width=\"152\" height=\"68\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Economic-Order-Quantity-EOQ.webp 152w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Economic-Order-Quantity-EOQ-150x67.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 152px) 100vw, 152px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Where:<br \/>\n<strong>D<\/strong> = Demand (units per year)<br \/>\n<strong>S<\/strong> = Ordering cost per order<br \/>\n<strong>H<\/strong> = Holding cost per unit per year<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>COGS is calculated by adding the beginning inventory to purchases made during the period, then subtracting the ending inventory:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22752 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cost-of-Goods-Sold-COGS.webp\" alt=\"Cost of Goods Sold COGS\" width=\"569\" height=\"61\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cost-of-Goods-Sold-COGS.webp 569w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cost-of-Goods-Sold-COGS-300x32.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cost-of-Goods-Sold-COGS-150x16.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ending Inventory<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Formula Ending inventory is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the total goods available for sale:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22751 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ending-Inventory.webp\" alt=\"Ending Inventory\" width=\"558\" height=\"49\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ending-Inventory.webp 558w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ending-Inventory-300x26.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ending-Inventory-150x13.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>With these formulas, businesses can further refine their perpetual inventory processes, but they also need to apply the right valuation methods.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Examples of Inventory Valuation Methods in Perpetual Systems<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Choosing the right valuation method is essential for accurate inventory accounting. Here are three common methods used in a perpetual system.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-32631\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Examples-of-Inventory-Valuation-Methods-in-Perpetual-Systems-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"Fifo vs Lifo\" width=\"696\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Examples-of-Inventory-Valuation-Methods-in-Perpetual-Systems-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Examples-of-Inventory-Valuation-Methods-in-Perpetual-Systems-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Examples-of-Inventory-Valuation-Methods-in-Perpetual-Systems-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Examples-of-Inventory-Valuation-Methods-in-Perpetual-Systems-630x420.webp 630w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Examples-of-Inventory-Valuation-Methods-in-Perpetual-Systems-150x100.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Examples-of-Inventory-Valuation-Methods-in-Perpetual-Systems-696x464.webp 696w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Examples-of-Inventory-Valuation-Methods-in-Perpetual-Systems-1068x712.webp 1068w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Examples-of-Inventory-Valuation-Methods-in-Perpetual-Systems.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>FIFO (First-In, First-Out) Method<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The FIFO method assumes that the first items added to inventory are the first ones sold. This method is common in industries dealing with perishable goods or items with expiration dates, ensuring older stock is sold before newer stock.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) Method<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/lifo\/\">The LIFO method<\/a> assumes that the last items added to inventory are sold first. While less commonly used, this method can be useful in industries where prices are rising, helping businesses reduce taxable income by reporting higher COGS.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Weighted Average Cost Method<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>This method calculates the average cost of all items in stock, dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the total number of units. It smooths out price fluctuations and provides a fair valuation of inventory and COGS.<\/p>\n<p>Managing inventory with these methods and formulas helps businesses stay efficient and cost-effective. If all of this seems complex, a robust <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/inventory-management-system\/\">inventory management system<\/a> solution can simplify the process.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In today\u2019s fast-moving business world, sticking to outdated inventory methods is like trying to use a flip phone in the age of smartphones, it will never work. A perpetual inventory system is your secret weapon for staying ahead, offering real-time updates and seamless automation that keep your stock in check and your business on point.<\/p>\n<p>Why settle for good enough when you can have the best? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/e-commerce-inventory-management-software\/\">With the help of the best inventory system<\/a>, you can witness your business booming in perpetual efficiency, out beating other businesses and even rivaling bigger competitors.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Frequently Asked Questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"bottom_faq\">\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Is perpetual inventory lifo or fifo?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Perpetual inventory is flexible\u2014it can use LIFO or FIFO, depending on how you want to track stock flow. Think of it as customizing how your inventory gets accounted for, in real-time or at intervals.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>What is perpetual and continuous inventory system?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Perpetual and continuous inventory systems are like having a smart assistant for your stock\u2014every sale, return, or restock gets logged instantly, so you&#8217;re always in the loop with up-to-date inventory levels.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>What is the difference between FIFO perpetual and FIFO?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>FIFO perpetual updates your stock in real-time with every transaction, while regular FIFO is more relaxed, only updating during specific intervals, such as at the end of a reporting period.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Is perpetual inventory LIFO or FIFO?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"A perpetual inventory system can use either FIFO (First In, First Out) or LIFO (Last In, First Out). The system itself focuses on real-time inventory tracking, while FIFO or LIFO determines how inventory costs are assigned based on the chosen accounting method.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is a perpetual and continuous inventory system?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"A perpetual or continuous inventory system records inventory movements in real time. Every sale, return, or restock is updated immediately, giving businesses accurate, up-to-date visibility of stock levels at all times.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is the difference between FIFO perpetual and FIFO?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"FIFO under a perpetual inventory system updates inventory and cost of goods sold in real time after each transaction. Regular FIFO, when used with a periodic system, updates inventory records only at specific intervals, such as at the end of an accounting period.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Imagine running a business where you always know exactly how much stock you have at any given moment. No surprises, no shortages, and no need for a last-minute rush to restock. Sounds perfect, right? But how is this possible? Many businesses still rely on outdated systems that lead to costly errors and inefficiencies. This is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":7679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-7666","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-inventory"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Perpetual Inventory System: Definition, Benefits, and Formulas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A perpetual inventory system is an approach that digitally monitors stock quantities in real time whenever a transaction occurs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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