{"id":27495,"date":"2025-06-30T09:34:26","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T09:34:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/?p=27495"},"modified":"2026-03-06T02:58:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T02:58:31","slug":"beginning-inventory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/beginning-inventory\/","title":{"rendered":"Beginning Inventory Explained: Formula, Importance, and Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Many business owners in the Philippines still struggle to pair their actual inventory numbers at each accounting period with their ending inventory numbers.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, poor inventory practices, such as buying too much or restocking without a clear system, have driven up costs and caused production delays. <a href=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-9-issue-4\/695-723.pdf\">Some manufacturers<\/a> even had to pause operations when unused stock piled up or supplies ran out.<\/p>\n<p>So, what exactly is beginning inventory, and why does it matter so much? This article will explain the basics, from what it is, its components, why it\u2019s important, and how to calculate it.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #fffacd; border-radius: 25px 25px 25px 25px;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 15px; border: none;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #990000; color: #ffffff; padding: 5px;\"><b>Key Takeaways<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#a\">Beginning inventory<\/a> is the starting value of stock carried over from the previous accounting period.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#b\">Common problems<\/a> like overordering, shrinkage, and inaccurate demand forecasts can lead to serious business losses.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#c\">Inventory Software<\/a> helps prevent these issues by automating stock tracking and keeping beginning inventory accurate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"toc_group_article\" style=''>\r\n\t<p style='font-size:25px;font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:0px'>\r\n\t\tTable of Contents\r\n\t<\/p>\r\n\t<ul id=\"list_toc\" class='list_toc'><\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"placeholder-toc\"><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"toc\">\r\n    <div class=\"header\">\r\n\t<span class=\"toc-title\" id=\"toc-title\">Content Lists<\/span>\t\r\n\t <i class=\"toc-icon\">\r\n        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"header-icon\">\r\n          <path d=\"m6 9 6 6 6-6\" \/>\r\n        <\/svg>\r\n      <\/i>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"list\">\r\n      <ul id=\"toc-list\"><\/ul>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\/* Simple styling for the TOC *\/\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc ul li:last-child {\r\n    padding-bottom: 16px; \/* Adjust the value as needed *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: unset !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: unset !important; \r\n}\r\n.footer-contact .td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: translateZ(0) !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: translateZ(0) !important; \r\n}\r\n\t.tdb_single_content .tdb-block-inner.td-fix-index{\r\n\t\tposition: static;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n#toc {\r\n  background-color: #FFF;\r\n\tpadding: 17px 24px 20px 24px !important;\r\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n\/*   border: 1px solid #9C171E; *\/\r\n  border-radius: 6px;\r\n\tdisplay: none;\r\n  max-width: 100%;\r\n  transition: .4s ease height;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\toverflow: hidden;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc .header{\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n\tbackground-color: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc.sticky .header{\r\n\t\tpadding: 4px 0;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.header p{\r\n  font-size: 18px !important;\r\n  font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n  color: #393939;\r\n   margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  \/* margin-top: 20px; *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.toc-icon{\r\n  float: right;\r\n\/*   visibility: hidden; *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n\t.toc-title{\r\n\t\tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\/* \t\tpadding-left: 20px; *\/\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 600;\r\n\t\talign-self: center;\t}\t\r\n\r\n#toc ul {\r\n  list-style-type: none;\r\n  padding-left: 0;\r\n  padding-top: 20px;\r\n  margin-top: 0px;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc.sticky ul{\r\n\toverflow-y: auto;\r\n\tmax-height: 250px;\r\n\tmargin-top: 0px;\r\n\tpadding-top: 20px;\r\n\/* \tborder-top: 1px solid #d3d3d3; *\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc ul li {\r\n\/*   margin-bottom: 10px; *\/\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\ttransition: .2s ease;\r\n\tcursor: pointer;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc.sticky ul li {\r\n\t  margin-right: 10px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list li a:hover, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tpadding: 8px 16px 8px 16px; *\/\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 16px;\r\n\tborder-radius: 6px;\r\n\tcolor: #9c171e !important;\r\n\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.td-post-content #toc-list li:hover a, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\t\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tfont-weight: bold !important;\r\n\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc a, .td-post-content #toc-list a {\r\n  text-decoration: none;\r\n  color: #ea1717 !important;\r\n  transition: .2s ease;\r\n\tfont-weight: 400 !important;\r\n\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky {\r\n  position: fixed;\r\n\/*   top: 73px; *\/\r\n\tbottom: 0;\r\n  z-index: 100; \r\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); \r\n\twidth: 100%; \r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tbackground-color: #FFF1F1; *\/\r\n\tborder-bottom: 1px solid #ea1717;\r\n\/*   border: 1px solid #393939; *\/\r\n  box-shadow: 0px 0px 14px 0px #00000040;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\tpadding: 12px 16px !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadein{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadeout{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadeout .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadein{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadeout{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t\r\n#toc.sticky .header p{\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-top: 10px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .toc-icon{\r\n  visibility: visible;\r\n\/* \ttransition: 0.4s ease; *\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.toc-icon{\r\n\t\talign-items: center;\r\n    \tdisplay: flex;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\tsvg.header-icon{\r\n\/* \t\tbackground-color: #9c171e; *\/\r\n\t\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\t\tborder-radius: 30px;\r\n\t\tpadding: 5px;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc .header.active .toc-icon{\r\n\ttransform: rotate(0deg); \r\n\topacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\t#toc .header.active + .list {\r\n\t  max-height: 200px; \/* Adjust this value as needed *\/\r\n\t  opacity: 1;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#placeholder-toc{\r\n\/* \t\tdisplay: none; *\/\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 104px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 0px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: unset !important;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (max-width: 767px){\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 100% !important;\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 84% !important;\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 81px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 60px;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-left: auto;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\t\t\tpadding: 0 16px;\r\n\/* \t\t\tright: 5%; *\/\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc > li > ul {padding-left: 20px;margin-bottom: 0;}\r\n\t#list_toc{height:max-content;transition:ease-in-out}\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li.active > a {color:#b1252d;background: #ffe1e3;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {padding:3px 7px}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\tcolor:#000;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\t\ttransition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;\r\n\t\tfont-size:15px\r\n\t}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li{list-style:none;list-style-position:inside; margin-left:0;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float a:hover{color:#b1252d;}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a{margin-bottom:0px}\r\n\t#toc_group_float{\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(100vh - 100px);\r\n\t\toverflow: auto;\r\n\t\tz-index: 99;\r\n\t\tdisplay:none!important;\r\n\t\tbackground:#fff;\r\n\t\ttransition:all 0.5s linear\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width:1019px){\r\n\t\t#toc_group_float {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:block!important;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (max-width:768px){\r\n\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t \/* custom scrollbar style *\/\r\n::-webkit-scrollbar {\r\n    width: 7px;\r\n}\r\n::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\r\n    background: #d7a2a4;\r\n}\r\n::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\r\n    background: #b1252d;\r\n    border-radius: 15px;\r\n}\t\t\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n\tdocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n\t\t\/\/ Function to handle click on all <a> elements with href starting with #\r\n\t\tfunction handleTitleClick(event) {\r\n\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\r\n\t\t\tconst targetId = this.getAttribute('href').substring(1);\r\n\t\t\tconst targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId);\r\n\r\n\t\t\tif (targetElement) {\r\n\t\t\t\tconst headerHeight = document.querySelector('#toc .header').offsetHeight;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst navbarHeight = document.getElementById('tdi_34') ? document.getElementById('tdi_34').offsetHeight : 0;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst windowHeight = window.innerHeight;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst targetOffset = targetElement.offsetTop;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst scrollTo = targetOffset + (windowHeight \/ 2) + (headerHeight) - navbarHeight - 40;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\twindow.scrollTo({\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttop: scrollTo,\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbehavior: 'smooth'\r\n\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\/\/ Add event listener for all <a> elements in toc-list and list-toc\r\n\t\tconst titleLinks = document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a, #list_toc a');\r\n\t\ttitleLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n\t\t\tlink.addEventListener('click', handleTitleClick);\r\n\t\t});\r\n\t});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<!-- ToC List for mobile -->\r\n<script>\r\n \/\/ Generate TOC based on headings\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  \/\/ Get the element that will contain the TOC\r\n  const tocList = document.getElementById('toc-list');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Get the element with class 'td-post-content'\r\n  const article = document.querySelector('.td-post-content');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Find all h2 elements within the article\r\n  const headers = article.getElementsByTagName('h2');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Loop through the h2 elements and create a list item for each one\r\n  for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {\r\n    const header = headers[i];\r\n    const headerText = header.textContent;\r\n\/\/     const headerId = 'header-' + i;\r\n    const headerId = headerText\r\n    .toLowerCase()\r\n    .trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^\\w\\s-]\/g, '')  \/\/ hapus tanda baca\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-'); \/\/ ganti spasi jadi \"-\"\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Set an ID for the header if it doesn't have one\r\n    header.setAttribute('id', headerId);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a list item for the TOC\r\n    const listItem = document.createElement('li');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a link for the list item\r\n    const link = document.createElement('a');\r\n    link.setAttribute('href', '#' + headerId);\r\n    link.textContent = headerText;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the link to the list item\r\n    listItem.appendChild(link);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the list item to the TOC list\r\n    tocList.appendChild(listItem);\r\n  }\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ Keep height and placement of content using placeholder in place of TOC\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const placeholderToc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n\r\n  function setPlaceholderHeight() {\r\n    placeholderToc.style.height = `${toc.offsetHeight}px`;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Set the initial height of the placeholder\r\n  setPlaceholderHeight();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Update the height on window resize\r\n  window.addEventListener('resize', setPlaceholderHeight);\r\n});\r\n  const tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title');\r\n\r\n\/\/ Sticky TOC and update heading\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const footer = document.querySelector('.td-footer-template-wrap');\r\n  const tocParent = toc.parentElement;\r\n  const divTop = tocParent.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset;\r\n  const tocHeight = toc.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerPoint = divTop + tocHeight + 700;\r\n  const footerHeight = footer.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerFooterPoint = footer.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset - footerHeight - footerHeight - footerHeight;\r\n  const phtoc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n  const headers = document.querySelectorAll('.td-post-content h2');\r\n  const navLinks = document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a');\r\n\t\r\n\tconst panel2 = document.querySelector(\"#toc .list\");\r\n\tvar icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n\r\n  let activeLink = null; \/\/ Declare activeLink outside the loop\r\n\t\r\n  \/\/ Function to handle scroll and add\/remove .sticky class\r\n  function handleScroll() {\r\n    const windowTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;\r\n    let currentHeader = '';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Highlight user progress as the heading comes\r\n    headers.forEach(header => {\r\n\t\tconst headerTop = header.offsetTop;\r\n\t\tconst headerHeight = header.clientHeight;\r\n\t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Contents'; \/\/ Selalu pertahankan judul ini di mobile\r\n\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\tif (window.scrollY >= (headerTop - headerHeight + 700)) {\r\n\t\t\t\tconst currentHeaderId = header.getAttribute('id');\r\n\t\t\t\tconst currentHeaderText = document.getElementById(currentHeaderId).textContent;\r\n\t\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = currentHeaderText;\r\n\t\t\t\tcurrentHeader = currentHeaderId;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t});\r\n\r\n    navLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n      link.classList.remove('active');\r\n      if(currentHeader != '') {\r\n\t\t  if (link.getAttribute('href').includes(currentHeader)) {\r\n\t\t\t  link.classList.add('active');\r\n\t\t  }\r\n\t  }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Update TOC title if sticky\r\n    if (windowTop > triggerPoint) {\r\n      if (!toc.classList.contains('sticky')) {\r\n        phtoc.style.display = \"block\";\r\n        toc.classList.add('sticky');\r\n        toc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`; 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Also known as opening inventory, it corresponds to the ending inventory of the previous accounting period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Fluctuations in beginning inventory from one period to another can be interpreted in various ways. A decrease, for instance, might indicate increased sales, or it could point to a supply chain disruption or issues with inventory control.<\/p>\n<p>Conversely, an increase might reflect intentional preparation for a high-demand season, like the holidays, or it could signal a decline in sales. For instance, if you have \u20b1580,000 worth of inventory at the end of a quarter, that same amount will be recorded as your beginning inventory for the following quarter.<\/p>\n<h2><b><span id=\"b\">Why is Beginning Inventory Important?<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory.webp\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27497\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory.webp\" alt=\"initial inventory\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory-747x420.webp 747w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory-150x84.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory-696x392.webp 696w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/initial-inventory-1068x601.webp 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><span id=\"why-is-beginning-inventory-important\">Beginning inventory clearly plays a key role in accounting and day-to-day business decisions. Here are a few reasons why it\u2019s important:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Compute COGS accurately.<\/b> You need the beginning inventory value to calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) for any specific period.<\/li>\n<li><b>Spot sales patterns.<\/b> Seasonal buying isn&#8217;t limited to Christmas or New Year. In the Philippines, sales often spike during back-to-school season, mid-year sales, or &#8216;ber&#8217; months. Beginning inventory helps track these trends so you can adjust your purchasing budget and avoid overstocking or running out of stock.<\/li>\n<li><b>Support financial evaluation.<\/b> When analyzed together with purchases and ending inventory, the beginning inventory figure helps assess how efficiently your business handles stock.<\/li>\n<li><b>Guide purchasing plans.<\/b> Knowing your starting inventory helps with planning. For example, if your sari-sari store begins the quarter with plenty of canned goods, you might delay restocking and prioritize fast-moving items instead.<\/li>\n<li><b>Improve capital control.<\/b> Inventory is a major part of your working capital. Beginning inventory gives you a clear view of how much of that capital was tied up in goods at the start of the period.<\/li>\n<li><b>Check inventory balance.<\/b> Whether you run a hardware store, grocery, or online shop, beginning inventory tells you if you&#8217;re holding too much or too little stock for the upcoming month, quarter, or year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>How Businesses Use Beginning Inventory<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Beginning inventory serves more than just accounting functions. Here are a few practical ways it can be used:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Detect inventory shrinkage.<\/b> Shrinkage occurs when there\u2019s a gap between recorded inventory and actual stock during physical counts. This often results from theft; either external (shoplifting) or internal (employee pilferage). Beginning inventory helps identify these discrepancies early before they lead to significant losses.<\/li>\n<li><b>Support accounting records.<\/b> Your balance sheet is a core financial document that shows your business\u2019s assets and liabilities, including the value of your inventory at the start of a given period. Beginning inventory is a critical part of this.<\/li>\n<li><b>Assist with tax planning.<\/b> Having an accurate beginning inventory figure can influence your tax strategy. A properly recorded inventory value helps retailers estimate their tax obligations. For instance, if you expect a \u20b1850,000 tax bill at year-end, adjusting your purchasing plans based on inventory levels can help you manage cash flow more effectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To make the most of beginning inventory insights, many businesses in the Philippines now use inventory management software. It automates stock tracking, so you can detect shrinkage, plan purchases, and forecast costs more accurately.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Beginning Inventory Formulas, Ratios, and Calculations<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-32866\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Beginning-Inventory-Formulas-Ratios-and-Calculations.webp\" alt=\"Formula for beginning inventory \" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Beginning-Inventory-Formulas-Ratios-and-Calculations.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Beginning-Inventory-Formulas-Ratios-and-Calculations-300x150.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Beginning-Inventory-Formulas-Ratios-and-Calculations-768x384.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Beginning-Inventory-Formulas-Ratios-and-Calculations-150x75.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Beginning-Inventory-Formulas-Ratios-and-Calculations-696x348.webp 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Although beginning inventory doesn\u2019t appear directly on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/inventory-accounting\/\">a company\u2019s inventory accounting<\/a> like balance sheet or income statement, several key performance metrics rely on it for their calculation. One of the most important is:<\/p>\n<h3><b>Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/cost-of-goods-sold-cogs\/\">Cost of goods sold (COGS) helps determine<\/a> a company\u2019s gross profit by subtracting the total cost of producing goods from its revenue. The lower the COGS, the higher the gross profit\u2014and the reverse is also true.<\/p>\n<p>COGS includes all direct and mostly variable costs used to produce inventory that is ready for sale. The formula is:<\/p>\n<p><b>COGS = (Beginning Inventory + Purchases) \u2013 Ending Inventory<\/b><\/p>\n<p>For example, let\u2019s say a local bakery in the Philippines starts a quarter with \u20b1150,000 worth of raw ingredients and packaging. Over the next three months, it spends \u20b1100,000 on additional supplies. By the end of the quarter, \u20b190,000 worth of materials remain unused.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s how we calculate COGS:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beginning Inventory = \u20b1150,000<\/li>\n<li>Purchases = \u20b1100,000<\/li>\n<li>Ending Inventory = \u20b190,000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So, <b>COGS = \u20b1150,000 + \u20b1100,000 \u2013 \u20b190,000 = \u20b1160,000<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Inventory Turnover<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/inventory-turnover-ratio\/\">Inventory turnover ratio tracks<\/a> how often a business sells and replenishes its inventory within a specific period. It\u2019s a critical metric for evaluating how efficiently a company handles its stock and is often viewed as a sign of liquidity.<\/p>\n<p>That said, turnover rates vary depending on the type of products sold. For instance, a convenience store in Manila will typically turn over its inventory much faster than a company that sells industrial machinery.<\/p>\n<p>Continuing the earlier example of the Philippine bakery:<\/p>\n<p>At the beginning of the quarter, the bakery had \u20b1150,000 in inventory. It ended the quarter with \u20b190,000 worth of ingredients and packaging still in stock. Its cost of goods sold (COGS) was \u20b1160,000.<\/p>\n<p>To calculate average inventory:<\/p>\n<p><b>Average Inventory = (Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) \u00f7 2<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <b>Average Inventory = (\u20b1150,000 + \u20b190,000) \u00f7 2 = \u20b1120,000<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Now, use that to find the inventory turnover ratio:<\/p>\n<p><b>Inventory Turnover Ratio = COGS \u00f7 Average Inventory<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <b>Inventory Turnover = \u20b1160,000 \u00f7 \u20b1120,000 = 1.33<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This means the bakery turned over its inventory approximately <b>1.33 times<\/b> during the quarter.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Days in Inventory (DII)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Also known as days sales of inventory, DII measures how long it takes a business to turn its inventory into sales. A lower number means faster turnover, while a higher number indicates slower movement of goods.<\/p>\n<p>The formula for DII is:<\/p>\n<p><b>DII = (Average Inventory \u00f7 COGS) \u00d7 Number of Days in the Period<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Continuing with our Philippine bakery example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Average Inventory = \u20b1120,000<\/li>\n<li>COGS = \u20b1160,000<\/li>\n<li>Days in the quarter = 90<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>DII = (\u20b1120,000 \u00f7 \u20b1160,000) \u00d7 90 = 0.75 \u00d7 90 = 67.5 days<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This means it takes the bakery about <b>68 days<\/b> to convert its inventory into sales during the quarter.<\/p>\n<h2><b>How to Calculate Beginning Inventory<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Beginning inventory for a new period is equal to the ending inventory from the previous one.<\/p>\n<p>Referring back to our Philippine bakery example, the ending inventory for the quarter was \u20b190,000, so that same amount becomes the beginning inventory for the next quarter. No extra calculation needed.<\/p>\n<p>However, if the business wants to \u201croll backward\u201d and verify its beginning inventory during a reconciliation or audit, it can use the following formula:<\/p>\n<p><b>Beginning Inventory = (COGS + Ending Inventory) \u2013 Purchases<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Given:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>COGS = \u20b1160,000<\/li>\n<li>Ending Inventory = \u20b190,000<\/li>\n<li>Purchases = \u20b1100,000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Beginning Inventory = (\u20b1160,000 + \u20b190,000) \u2013 \u20b1100,000 = \u20b1150,000<\/b>, which matches the earlier figure.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Demand Forecasting<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Past inventory levels, seasonal trends, and sales history help businesses anticipate future demand. This method of predicting upcoming sales is known as demand forecasting.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, if a bakery notices a consistent surge in cake orders every December, it would make sense to increase ingredient stock in November to avoid shortages during the holiday rush.<\/p>\n<p>Demand forecasting helps answer crucial questions like how much inventory is needed to fulfill orders, how often it should be restocked, and how purchasing patterns may shift over time.<\/p>\n<h2><b><span id=\"c\">Making Accurate Beginning Inventory With Inventory Management Software<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-32868\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Making-Accurate-Beginning-Inventory-With-Inventory-Management-Software-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"Inventory management software dashboard\" width=\"696\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Making-Accurate-Beginning-Inventory-With-Inventory-Management-Software-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Making-Accurate-Beginning-Inventory-With-Inventory-Management-Software-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Making-Accurate-Beginning-Inventory-With-Inventory-Management-Software-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Making-Accurate-Beginning-Inventory-With-Inventory-Management-Software-630x420.webp 630w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Making-Accurate-Beginning-Inventory-With-Inventory-Management-Software-150x100.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Making-Accurate-Beginning-Inventory-With-Inventory-Management-Software-696x464.webp 696w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Making-Accurate-Beginning-Inventory-With-Inventory-Management-Software-1068x712.webp 1068w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Making-Accurate-Beginning-Inventory-With-Inventory-Management-Software.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"start-every-quarter-with-clean-inventory\">If you\u2019ve ever had to double-check your beginning inventory because your COGS didn\u2019t add up, or if your warehouse staff can\u2019t explain why stocks on paper don\u2019t match what\u2019s on the shelf, you\u2019re not alone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/retail-inventory-software\/\">The right retail inventory software <\/a>records all stock movements from delivery to sale, keeping your beginning inventory aligned with actual stock on hand. No more scrambling during audits or discovering discrepancies when accounting checks the books. The live access to stock levels, expiry warnings, and demand trends is ideal for restocking ahead of holidays, flash sales, or seasonal peaks.<\/p>\n<p>The top Inventory Software supports these key actions that directly improve beginning inventory accuracy and overall stock control:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Trigger auto-reordering based on run rate:<\/b> Suggests what to reorder when stock gets low. Avoid stockouts and prevent excess inventory from carrying into the next period.<\/li>\n<li><b>Catch soon-to-expire items before they go to waste:<\/b> Flags expiry risks early through alerts and dashboards. Move items fast and keep beginning stock accurate.<\/li>\n<li><b>Uncover slow-moving stocks and spot inventory gaps:<\/b> Shows detailed reports like aging, turnover rate, and reservation status. Helps you decide what to reorder, what to sell faster, and what to stop purchasing.<\/li>\n<li><b>Track every delivery, receipt, and stock transfer:<\/b> Logs all movements from warehouse to branch or shelf. Prevents mismatches in inventory and strengthens audit readiness.<\/li>\n<li><b>See exactly how each item moved over time:<\/b> Provides a full breakdown of quantity, location, and movement history. Speeds up investigations when inventory issues arise.<\/li>\n<li><b>Scan items directly from the warehouse using your phone:<\/b> Lets staff update stock instantly via mobile app with QR\/barcode scanning. Reduces manual errors and keeps your data up to date.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Shared real time data across department for seamless coordination:<\/strong> Enhance collaboration and reduce communication gaps as all departments have access to up-to-date inventory data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Beginning inventory refers to the stock value carried forward from the previous accounting period to the next. It helps businesses track costs, forecast demand, measure inventory efficiency, and identify issues early on.<\/p>\n<p>The best Inventory software is the one that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/ph\/blog\/top-distribution-erp-systems\/\">complements with other ERP system<\/a>. Inventory headaches disappear by automatically tracking every stock movement in real-time and shared instantly across business. You will instantly know what&#8217;s selling, what&#8217;s expiring soon, and what&#8217;s running low with no more guesswork or surprises.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>FAQ on Beginning Inventory<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"bottom_faq\">\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>What counts as purchases in inventory calculations?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Purchases include all items bought for resale or use: raw materials, finished goods, and direct production inputs, excluding discounts, returns, and allowances.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Is beginning inventory considered an expense?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>No, it\u2019s classified as a current asset, not an expense. It only becomes part of COGS once goods are sold.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Can beginning inventory include both finished goods and work-in-progress?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Yes, beginning inventory typically includes raw materials, work-in-progress items, and finished goods available at the start of the period.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>What\u2019s the difference between opening (beginning) and closing (ending) inventory?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Beginning inventory is stock available at period start. Closing inventory is what&#8217;s left at the period\u2019s end, always matching the next period\u2019s beginning inventory.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"What counts as purchases in inventory calculations?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Purchases include all items bought for resale or use: raw materials, finished goods, and direct production inputs, excluding discounts, returns, and allowances.\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Is beginning inventory considered an expense?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"No, it\u2019s classified as a current asset, not an expense. 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Some manufacturers even had to pause operations when [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":27496,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27495","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-inventory"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Beginning Inventory: Formula, Importance, and Examples<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Beginning inventory is the total value of goods available at the start of an accounting period, used to track costs and manage stock.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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