{"id":19599,"date":"2026-06-03T10:01:19","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T10:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/?p=19599"},"modified":"2026-06-03T10:01:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T10:01:19","slug":"mpers-vs-mfrs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/mpers-vs-mfrs\/","title":{"rendered":"MPERS vs MFRS: Key Differences and How to Choose the Right Standard in Malaysia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>For many Sdn Bhd directors in Malaysia, reporting issues often arise when auditors ask why the company uses one standard instead of another. <a href=\"#Are\">MPERS vs MFRS<\/a> becomes an important comparison because each choice affects how goodwill, investment property, borrowing costs, and financial instruments are recorded.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifrs.org\/use-around-the-world\/use-of-ifrs-standards-by-jurisdiction\/view-jurisdiction\/malaysia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to the IFRS Foundation<\/a>, private entities in Malaysia have been able to use the Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standard (MPERS) or Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) since 1 January 2016, while PERS has been replaced by MPERS.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding the difference helps finance managers and business owners choose a more suitable standard before audit, consolidation, first-time adoption, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/accounting-software\/\">accounting system<\/a> changes.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #fffacd; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-radius: 25px 25px 25px 25px;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 15px; border: none;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #8a0e19; color: #ffffff; padding: 5px;\"><b>Key Takeaways<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"#Are\">MPERS and MFRS<\/a> apply to different company types based on private entity status and public accountability.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">A <a href=\"#Who\">private Sdn Bhd<\/a> may still need MFRS if it is linked to a listed or regulated entity.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"#Need\">First-time MPERS adoption<\/a> needs proper transition records, including transition date, opening position, and impact disclosure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span data-sheets-root=\"1\"><!-- <div id=\"toc_group_article\" style=''>\r\n\t<p style='font-size:25px;font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:0px'>\r\n\t\tTable of Content\r\n\t<\/p>\r\n\t<ul id=\"list_toc\" class='list_toc'><\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"dropdown-fixed-top\" id=\"dropdown-fixed-top\">\r\n\t<div class=\"row\">\r\n\t\t<p id=\"pilihDaftarIsi\">Content Lists<\/p>\r\n\t\t<p><i class=\"td-icon-menu-down\"><\/i><\/p>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<div>\r\n\t\t<ul id=\"list_toc_top\" class='list_toc'><\/ul>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div> -->\r\n\r\n<!-- TOC mobile -->\r\n<div id=\"placeholder-toc\"><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"toc\">\r\n    <div class=\"header\">\r\n\t<span class=\"toc-title\" id=\"toc-title\">Table of Content<\/span>\t\r\n\t <i class=\"toc-icon\">\r\n        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"header-icon\">\r\n          <path d=\"m6 9 6 6 6-6\" \/>\r\n        <\/svg>\r\n      <\/i>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"list\">\r\n      <ul id=\"toc-list\"><\/ul>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<!-- TOC mobile -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\t@media (max-width: 992px) {\r\n\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tpadding-top: 24px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_float {\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(100vh - 250px);\r\n\t\toverflow-y: auto;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top {\r\n\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\tbackground: #fff;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 4px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top li 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#list_toc_top {\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(50vh - 110px);\r\n\t\toverflow-y: scroll;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top .row {\r\n\t\tdisplay: flex;\r\n\t\tjustify-content: space-between\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top .row p {\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#pilihDaftarIsi {\r\n\t\tmax-width: 100%;\r\n\t\toverflow: hidden;\r\n\t\twhite-space: nowrap;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width: 1018px) {\r\n\t\t.dropdown-fixed-top {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc > li > ul {padding-left: 20px;margin-bottom: 0;}\r\n\t#list_toc{height:max-content;transition:ease-in-out}\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li.active > a {color:#b1252d;background: #ffe1e3;}\r\n\t#list_toc_top li.active > a {color:#b1252d;background: #ffe1e3;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {padding:3px 7px}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\tcolor: #000;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 6px;\r\n\t\tpadding-top: 2px;\r\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 2px;\r\n\t\ttransition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 15px;\r\n\t\tline-height: 18px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li{list-style:none;list-style-position:inside; margin-left:0;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float a:hover{color:#b1252d;}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc_group_float{\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(100vh - 100px);\r\n\t\toverflow: auto;\r\n\t\tz-index: 99;\r\n\t\tdisplay:none!important;\r\n\t\tbackground:#fff;\r\n\t\ttransition:all 0.5s linear\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width:1019px){\r\n\t\t#toc_group_float {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:block!important;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:none;\r\n\t\t}\t\t\t\t\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\t@media (max-width: 992px) {\r\n\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tpadding-top: 24px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_float {\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(100vh - 250px);\r\n\t\toverflow-y: auto;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top {\r\n\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\tbackground: #fff;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 4px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top li {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\t\tlist-style: none;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top a {\r\n\t\tpadding: 5px;\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top.show {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t#list_toc_top a {\r\n\t\tcolor: #434343;\r\n\t\tborder-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top {\r\n\t\tposition: fixed;\r\n\t\ttop: 59px;\r\n\t\twidth: 100%;\r\n\t\tz-index: 99;\r\n\t\tborder-bottom: 2px solid #9c171e;\r\n\t\tpadding: 12px;\r\n\t\tbackground: #fff;\r\n\t\twidth: 100%;\r\n\t\tcursor: pointer;\r\n\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\tleft: 0;\r\n\t\tbox-shadow: 0 -2px 7px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17);\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#dropdown-fixed-top.show {\r\n\t\tanimation: showAnim 0.5s ease;\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes showAnim {\r\n\t\tfrom {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\tto {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top #list_toc_top {\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(50vh - 110px);\r\n\t\toverflow-y: scroll;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top .row {\r\n\t\tdisplay: flex;\r\n\t\tjustify-content: space-between\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top .row p {\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#pilihDaftarIsi {\r\n\t\tmax-width: 100%;\r\n\t\toverflow: hidden;\r\n\t\twhite-space: nowrap;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width: 1018px) {\r\n\t\t.dropdown-fixed-top {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc > li > ul {padding-left: 20px;margin-bottom: 0;}\r\n\t#list_toc{height:max-content;transition:ease-in-out}\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li.active > a {color:#b1252d;background: #ffe1e3;}\r\n\t#list_toc_top li.active > a {color:#b1252d;background: #ffe1e3;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {padding:3px 7px}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\tcolor: #000;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 6px;\r\n\t\tpadding-top: 2px;\r\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 2px;\r\n\t\ttransition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 15px;\r\n\t\tline-height: 18px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li{list-style:none;list-style-position:inside; margin-left:0;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float a:hover{color:#b1252d;}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc_group_float{\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(100vh - 100px);\r\n\t\toverflow: auto;\r\n\t\tz-index: 99;\r\n\t\tdisplay:none!important;\r\n\t\tbackground:#fff;\r\n\t\ttransition:all 0.5s linear\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width:1019px){\r\n\t\t#toc_group_float {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:block!important;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<!-- START ToC styling  -->\r\n<style>\r\n\t\/* Simple styling for the TOC *\/\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc ul li:last-child {\r\n    padding-bottom: 16px; \/* Adjust the value as needed *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: unset !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: unset !important; \r\n}\r\n.footer-contact .td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: translateZ(0) !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: translateZ(0) !important; \r\n}\r\n\t.tdb_single_content .tdb-block-inner.td-fix-index{\r\n\t\tposition: static;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n#toc {\r\n  background-color: #FFF;\r\n\tpadding: 17px 24px 0px 24px !important;\r\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n\/*   border: 1px solid #9C171E; *\/\r\n  border-radius: 6px;\r\n\tdisplay: none;\r\n  max-width: 100%;\r\n  transition: .4s ease height;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\toverflow: hidden;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc .header{\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n\tbackground-color: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc.sticky .header{\r\n\t\tpadding: 4px 0;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.header p{\r\n  font-size: 18px !important;\r\n  font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n  color: #393939;\r\n   margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  \/* margin-top: 20px; *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.toc-icon{\r\n  float: right;\r\n\/*   visibility: hidden; *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n\t.toc-title{\r\n\t\tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\/* \t\tpadding-left: 20px; *\/\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 600;\r\n\t\talign-self: center;\t}\t\r\n\r\n#toc ul {\r\n  list-style-type: none;\r\n  padding-left: 0;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc.sticky ul{\r\n\toverflow-y: auto;\r\n\tmax-height: 250px;\r\n\tmargin-top: 0px;\r\n\tpadding-top: 20px;\r\n\/* \tborder-top: 1px solid #d3d3d3; *\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc ul li {\r\n\/*   margin-bottom: 10px; *\/\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\ttransition: .2s ease;\r\n\tcursor: pointer;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc.sticky ul li {\r\n\t  margin-right: 10px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list li a:hover, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tpadding: 8px 16px 8px 16px; *\/\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 16px;\r\n\tborder-radius: 6px;\r\n\tcolor: #9c171e !important;\r\n\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.td-post-content #toc-list li:hover a, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\t\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tfont-weight: bold !important;\r\n\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc a, .td-post-content #toc-list a {\r\n  text-decoration: none;\r\n  color: #ea1717 !important;\r\n  transition: .2s ease;\r\n\tfont-weight: 400 !important;\r\n\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky {\r\n  position: fixed;\r\n\/*   top: 73px; *\/\r\n\tbottom: 0;\r\n  z-index: 100; \r\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); \r\n\twidth: 100%; \r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tbackground-color: #FFF1F1; *\/\r\n\tborder-bottom: 1px solid #ea1717;\r\n\/*   border: 1px solid #393939; *\/\r\n  box-shadow: 0px 0px 14px 0px #00000040;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\tpadding: 12px 16px !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadein{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadeout{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadeout .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadein{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadeout{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t\r\n#toc.sticky .header p{\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-top: 10px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .toc-icon{\r\n  visibility: visible;\r\n\/* \ttransition: 0.4s ease; *\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.toc-icon{\r\n\t\talign-items: center;\r\n    \tdisplay: flex;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\tsvg.header-icon{\r\n\/* \t\tbackground-color: #9c171e; *\/\r\n\t\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\t\tborder-radius: 30px;\r\n\t\tpadding: 5px;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc .header.active .toc-icon{\r\n\ttransform: rotate(0deg); \r\n\topacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\t#toc .header.active + .list {\r\n\t  max-height: 200px; \/* Adjust this value as needed *\/\r\n\t  opacity: 1;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#placeholder-toc{\r\n\/* \t\tdisplay: none; *\/\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 104px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 0px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: unset !important;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (max-width: 767px){\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 100% !important;\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 90% !important;\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 81px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 60px;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-left: auto;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\t\t\tpadding: 0 16px;\r\n\t\t\tright: 5%;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t<\/style>\r\n<!-- END ToC styling  -->\r\n\r\n<!-- ToC List for mobile -->\r\n<script>\r\n \/\/ Generate TOC based on headings\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  \/\/ Get the element that will contain the TOC\r\n  const tocList = document.getElementById('toc-list');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Get the element with the ID 'article-left'\r\n  const article = document.querySelector('.td-post-content');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Find all h2 elements within 'myarticle'\r\n  const headers = article.getElementsByTagName('h2');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Loop through the h2 elements and create a list item for each one\r\n  for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {\r\n    const header = headers[i];\r\n    const headerText = header.textContent;\r\n\/\/     const headerId = 'header-' + i;\r\n    const headerId = headerText\r\n    .toLowerCase()\r\n    .trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^\\w\\s-]\/g, '')  \/\/ hapus tanda baca\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-'); \/\/ ganti spasi jadi \"-\"\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Set an ID for the header if it doesn't have one\r\n    header.setAttribute('id', headerId);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a list item for the TOC\r\n    const listItem = document.createElement('li');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a link for the list item\r\n    const link = document.createElement('a');\r\n    link.setAttribute('href', '#' + headerId);\r\n    link.textContent = headerText;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the link to the list item\r\n    listItem.appendChild(link);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the list item to the TOC list\r\n    tocList.appendChild(listItem);\r\n  }\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ Keep height and placement of content using placeholder in place of TOC\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const placeholderToc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n\r\n  function setPlaceholderHeight() {\r\n    placeholderToc.style.height = `${toc.offsetHeight}px`;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Set the initial height of the placeholder\r\n  setPlaceholderHeight();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Update the height on window resize\r\n  window.addEventListener('resize', setPlaceholderHeight);\r\n});\r\n  const tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title'); \/\/ Assuming header-faq is the element for TOC title\r\n\r\n\/\/ Sticky TOC and update heading\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const footer = document.querySelector('.td-footer-template-wrap');\r\n  const tocParent = toc.parentElement;\r\n  const divTop = tocParent.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset;\r\n  const tocHeight = toc.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerPoint = divTop + tocHeight + 700;\r\n  const footerHeight = footer.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerFooterPoint = footer.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset - footerHeight - footerHeight - footerHeight;\r\n  const phtoc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n  const headers = document.querySelectorAll('.td-post-content h2');\r\n  const navLinks = document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a');\r\n\t\r\n\tconst panel2 = document.querySelector(\"#toc .list\");\r\n\tvar icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n\r\n  let activeLink = null; \/\/ Declare activeLink outside the loop\r\n\t\r\n  \/\/ Function to handle scroll and add\/remove .sticky class\r\n  function handleScroll() {\r\n    const windowTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;\r\n    let currentHeader = '';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Highlight user progress as the heading comes\r\n    headers.forEach(header => {\r\n\t\tconst headerTop = header.offsetTop;\r\n\t\tconst headerHeight = header.clientHeight;\r\n\t\tif (window.scrollY >= (headerTop - headerHeight + 700)) {\r\n\t\t\tconst currentHeaderId = header.getAttribute('id');\r\n\t\t\tconst currentHeaderText = document.getElementById(currentHeaderId).textContent;\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tconsole.log(\"current header text:\", currentHeaderText);\r\n\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = currentHeaderText;\r\n\t\t\tcurrentHeader = currentHeaderId;\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Content';\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t});\r\n\r\n    navLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n      link.classList.remove('active');\r\n      if(currentHeader != '') {\r\n\t\t  if (link.getAttribute('href').includes(currentHeader)) {\r\n\t\t\t  link.classList.add('active');\r\n\t\t  }\r\n\t  }\r\n    });\r\n\/\/     if (windowTop < triggerFooterPoint) {\r\n\/\/         toc.style.display = 'block';\r\n\/\/ \t}else{\r\n\/\/         toc.style.display = 'none';\r\n\/\/ \t}\r\n    \/\/ Update TOC title if sticky\r\n    if (windowTop > triggerPoint) {\r\n      if (!toc.classList.contains('sticky')) {\r\n        phtoc.style.display = \"block\";\r\n        toc.classList.add('sticky');\r\n        toc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n        toc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n        toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\t\tpanel2.style.height = '0px';\r\n\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\t\t  if(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  const tocs = document.querySelector('#toc.sticky');\r\n\t\t\t  tocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Content'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n       \t\t  toc.style.width = '150px'; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n\t\t  }\r\n      }\r\n      if (currentHeader) {\r\n\/\/         console.log(\"activeLink:\", activeLink);\r\n        if (activeLink) {\r\n\/\/           tocTitle.textContent = activeLink.textContent; \/\/ Update TOC title\r\n          tocTitle.textContent = activeLink ? activeLink.textContent : \"\"; \/\/ Update title only if activeLink exists\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    } else {\r\n      toc.classList.remove('sticky');\r\n      phtoc.style.display = \"none\";\r\n      toc.style.width = 'unset'; \/\/ Reset to original width\r\n      toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n      tocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Content'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n\t\tpanel2.style.height = panel2.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n\t\ticon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Attach the scroll event listener to the window\r\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', handleScroll);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Initial call to handleScroll to set the correct state on load\r\n    handleScroll();\r\n});\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/ Open toggle TOC\r\n\t  document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n\t\tvar tocHeader = document.querySelector(\"#toc .header\");\r\n\t\tvar toc = document.querySelector(\"#toc\");\r\n\t\tvar icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n\t\tconst tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title');\r\n\t\tconst tocs = document.querySelector('#toc.sticky');\r\n \t\tconst tocParent = toc.parentElement;\t\t  \r\n\r\n\t\t  tocHeader.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\r\n\t\t\tvar panel = this.nextElementSibling;\r\n\t\t\tif (panel.style.height !== '0px') { \/\/ Check if height is not 0px\r\n\t\t\t  panel.style.height = '0px'; \/\/ Set height to 0 for full collapse\r\n\t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\ttoc.style.paddingBottom = '6px'; \r\n\t\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth > 768){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif(!toc.classList.contains('sticky')){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = \"unset\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif (toc.classList.contains('sticky')){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = '${tocParent.offsetWidth}px';\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = \"unset\"; \/\/ Reset width\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\ttoc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF1F1\";\r\n\t\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t  panel.style.height = panel.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n\t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(0deg)\";\r\n\t\t\t  toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\t\t\t  tocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Content'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n\t\t\t\ttoc.style.paddingBottom = '24px';\r\n\t\t\t \tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t  });\r\n\r\n\t\t  \/\/ Close TOC when a link inside it is clicked\r\n\t\t  var tocLinks = document.querySelectorAll(\"#toc .list a\");\r\n\t\t  tocLinks.forEach(function(link) {\r\n\t\t\tlink.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\r\n\t\t\t  var panel = document.querySelector(\"#toc .list\");\r\n\t\t\t  panel.style.height = '0px'; \/\/ Set height to 0 for full collapse\r\n\t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\t\t\t  toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t  });\r\n\t\t});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<!-- <script>\r\n\tvar pilihDaftarIsi = document.getElementById('pilihDaftarIsi');\r\n\t\r\n\tdocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n\t\tvar dropdownFixedTop = document.querySelector('.dropdown-fixed-top');\r\n\r\n\t\tdropdownFixedTop.addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n\t\t\tvar dropdownContent = this.querySelector('.list_toc');\r\n\t\t\tdropdownContent.classList.toggle('show');\r\n\t\t});\r\n\r\n\t\twindow.addEventListener('click', function(event) {\r\n\t\t\tvar listTocTop = document.getElementById('list_toc_top');\r\n\r\n\t\t\tif (!dropdownFixedTop.contains(event.target)) {\r\n\t\t\t\tlistTocTop.classList.remove('show');\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t});\r\n\t});\r\n\t\r\n\tvar daftarIsiContainer = document.getElementById('toc_group_article');\r\n\tvar dropdownFixedTop = document.getElementById('dropdown-fixed-top');\r\n    var triggered = false; \/\/ Flag to keep track of whether the function has been triggered\r\n\r\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', function() {\r\n        if (!triggered && isCompletelyScrolledPast(daftarIsiContainer)) {\r\n            showSectionDropdownFixedTop(false);\r\n            triggered = true;\r\n        } else if (triggered && !isCompletelyScrolledPast(daftarIsiContainer)) {\r\n            showSectionDropdownFixedTop(true);\r\n            triggered = false;\r\n        }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    function isCompletelyScrolledPast(element) {\r\n        var elementTop = element.getBoundingClientRect().top;\r\n        var elementBottom = element.getBoundingClientRect().bottom;\r\n        return elementTop < 0 && elementBottom < 0;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function showSectionDropdownFixedTop(show) {\r\n\t\tif (show) {\r\n\t\t\tdropdownFixedTop.classList.remove(\"show\");\r\n\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\tdropdownFixedTop.classList.add(\"show\");\r\n\t\t}\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\/\/ Scrollspy function to highlight the active TOC item based on the scroll position\r\n  function scrollSpy(tocClass) {\r\n    const scrollPosition = window.scrollY;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Find the active h2 and h3 headings based on their position in the corresponding TOC\r\n    let activeH2 = null;\r\n    let activeH3 = null;\r\n\r\n    const tocItems = document.querySelectorAll(`.${tocClass} li`);\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (!a) return;\r\n      const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n      const targetId = href.substring(1); \/\/ Remove the '#' from the href to get the target ID\r\n      const targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId);\r\n      if (!targetElement) return;\r\n\r\n      const targetTop = targetElement.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition;\r\n      const nextItem = item.nextElementSibling;\r\n      const nextTop = nextItem ? nextItem.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition : Infinity;\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop <= scrollPosition + 150) {\r\n        if (a.parentElement.parentElement === tocItems) {\r\n          \/\/ The h2 heading is at the root level of the TOC\r\n          activeH2 = { id: targetId, level: 'h2' };\r\n        } else {\r\n          \/\/ The h3 heading is nested under an h2 heading\r\n          const parentH2 = a.parentElement.parentElement.previousElementSibling;\r\n          if (parentH2) {\r\n            const h2Link = parentH2.querySelector('a');\r\n            if (h2Link) {\r\n              const h2Href = h2Link.getAttribute('href');\r\n              const h2Id = h2Href.substring(1);\r\n              activeH2 = { id: h2Id, level: 'h2' };\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n          activeH3 = { id: targetId, level: 'h3' };\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop > scrollPosition + 150 && nextTop > scrollPosition + 150 && !activeH3) {\r\n        \/\/ Reset the activeH2 when there are no more active h3 headings\r\n        activeH2 = null;\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Update the active state for the TOC items\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      item.classList.remove('active');\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (a) {\r\n        const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n        const targetId = href.substring(1);\r\n        if ((activeH2 && activeH2.id === targetId) || (activeH3 && activeH3.id === targetId)) {\r\n          item.classList.add('active');\r\n\t\t  pilihDaftarIsi.innerHTML = a.textContent;\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Call scrollSpy for each TOC on window scroll\r\n  const tocClasses = ['list_toc', 'list_toc_float', 'list_toc_top']; \/\/ Add other TOC class names here if you have more than two instances\r\n  tocClasses.forEach(tocClass => {\r\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', () => scrollSpy(tocClass));\r\n  });\r\n<\/script> -->\r\n<!-- END script lama -->\r\n\t\r\n<script>\r\n    \/\/ Scrollspy function to highlight the active TOC item based on the scroll position\r\n  function scrollSpy(tocClass) {\r\n    const scrollPosition = window.scrollY;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Find the active h2 and h3 headings based on their position in the corresponding TOC\r\n    let activeH2 = null;\r\n    let activeH3 = null;\r\n\r\n    const tocItems = document.querySelectorAll(`.${tocClass} li`);\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (!a) return;\r\n      const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n      const targetId = href.substring(1); \/\/ Remove the '#' from the href to get the target ID\r\n      const targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId);\r\n      if (!targetElement) return;\r\n\r\n      const targetTop = targetElement.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition;\r\n      const nextItem = item.nextElementSibling;\r\n      const nextTop = nextItem ? nextItem.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition : Infinity;\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop <= scrollPosition + 150) {\r\n        if (a.parentElement.parentElement === tocItems) {\r\n          \/\/ The h2 heading is at the root level of the TOC\r\n          activeH2 = { id: targetId, level: 'h2' };\r\n        } else {\r\n          \/\/ The h3 heading is nested under an h2 heading\r\n          const parentH2 = a.parentElement.parentElement.previousElementSibling;\r\n          if (parentH2) {\r\n            const h2Link = parentH2.querySelector('a');\r\n            if (h2Link) {\r\n              const h2Href = h2Link.getAttribute('href');\r\n              const h2Id = h2Href.substring(1);\r\n              activeH2 = { id: h2Id, level: 'h2' };\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n          activeH3 = { id: targetId, level: 'h3' };\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop > scrollPosition + 150 && nextTop > scrollPosition + 150 && !activeH3) {\r\n        \/\/ Reset the activeH2 when there are no more active h3 headings\r\n        activeH2 = null;\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Update the active state for the TOC items\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      item.classList.remove('active');\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (a) {\r\n        const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n        const targetId = href.substring(1);\r\n        if ((activeH2 && activeH2.id === targetId) || (activeH3 && activeH3.id === targetId)) {\r\n          item.classList.add('active');\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Call scrollSpy for each TOC on window scroll\r\n  const tocClasses = ['list_toc', 'list_toc_float', 'list_toc_top']; \/\/ Add other TOC class names here if you have more than two instances\r\n  tocClasses.forEach(tocClass => {\r\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', () => scrollSpy(tocClass));\r\n  });\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\r\n\r\n<!-- ToC List for desktop side bar, diganti jadi inject by php, di code snippet \"Sidebar Accordion\" -->\r\n<!-- <script>\r\n\tdocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk mengubah teks menjadi format id\r\n        function formatId(text) {\r\n            return text.trim().replace(\/[^\\w\\d]+\/g, '_');\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk membuat nested list\r\n        function createNestedList(parentNode, children) {\r\n            if (children.length === 0) return;\r\n\r\n            const nestedUl = document.createElement('ul');\r\n            children.forEach(child => {\r\n                const nestedLi = document.createElement('li');\r\n                const nestedA = document.createElement('a');\r\n                nestedA.textContent = child.title;\r\n                nestedA.href = `#${child.id}`;\r\n                nestedLi.appendChild(nestedA);\r\n                nestedUl.appendChild(nestedLi);\r\n\r\n                if (child.children.length > 0) {\r\n                    createNestedList(nestedLi, child.children);\r\n                }\r\n            });\r\n\r\n            parentNode.appendChild(nestedUl);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Membuat objek untuk menyimpan daftar h2 dan h3 beserta judulnya\r\n        const headings = [];\r\n\r\n           \/\/ Mengambil semua elemen h2 dan h3\r\n        const elements = document.querySelectorAll('.td-post-content h2');\r\n\t\t\t\/\/, .td-post-content h3\r\n\r\n        elements.forEach(element => {\r\n            if (element.tagName === 'H2') {\r\n                const id = formatId(element.textContent);\r\n                element.id = id;\r\n\t\t\t\tif(element.textContent.toLowerCase() === \"key takeaways\") {return;} \/\/ Biar ga nampilin Key Takeaways di ToC\r\n                headings.push({ level: 'h2', id: id, title: element.textContent, children: [] });\r\n            } else if (element.tagName === 'H3') {\r\n                const id = formatId(element.textContent);\r\n                element.id = id;\r\n                if (headings.length > 0) {\r\n                    headings[headings.length - 1].children.push({ level: 'h3', id: id, title: element.textContent, children: [] });\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        });\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Membuat list HTML dari objek headings\r\n        const ul = document.getElementById('list_toc');\r\n        let currentUl = ul;\r\n        headings.forEach(heading => {\r\n            const li = document.createElement('li');\r\n            const a = document.createElement('a');\r\n            a.textContent = heading.title;\r\n            a.href = `#${heading.id}`;\r\n            li.appendChild(a);\r\n\r\n            if (heading.level === 'h2') {\r\n                \/\/ Menyimpan ul saat ini untuk menambahkan nested ul\r\n                currentUl = li;\r\n                ul.appendChild(li);\r\n            } else if (heading.level === 'h3') {\r\n                if (!currentUl.lastElementChild || currentUl.lastElementChild.tagName !== 'UL') {\r\n                    \/\/ Jika belum ada nested ul, buat satu\r\n                    const nestedUl = document.createElement('ul');\r\n                    currentUl.appendChild(nestedUl);\r\n                    currentUl = nestedUl;\r\n                }\r\n                currentUl.appendChild(li);\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            createNestedList(li, heading.children);\r\n        });\r\n\t\t\/\/ Dapatkan elemen ul dengan id 'list_toc_float'\r\nconst ulFloat = document.getElementById('list_toc');\r\nconst ulJourney = document.getElementById('list_journey');\r\n\r\n\/\/ Dapatkan isi (child elements) dari ul dengan id 'list_toc_float'\r\n\tif (ulFloat !== null) {\r\n\t\tconst clonedChildren = ulFloat.cloneNode(true).children;\r\n\t\tconst ulToc = document.getElementById('list_toc_float');\r\n\t\tconst ulTocTop = document.getElementById('list_toc_top');\r\n\t\tif ((ulToc !== null || ulToc !== undefined) && window.innerWidth > 1018){\r\n\t\t\tulToc.append(...clonedChildren);\r\n\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\tulTocTop.append(...clonedChildren);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t} \r\n\r\n\tif (ulJourney !== null) {\r\n\t\tconst clonedChildrenJourney = ulJourney.cloneNode(true).children;\r\n\t\tconst ulTocJourney = document.getElementById('list_toc_journey');\r\n\t\tulTocJourney.append(...clonedChildrenJourney);\r\n\t} \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk mengambil tinggi navbar\r\n        function getNavbarHeight() {\r\n            const navbar = document.getElementById('tdi_34');\r\n            return navbar ? navbar.offsetHeight : 0;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk menambahkan offset posisi scroll\r\n        function scrollToElementWithOffset(elementId) {\r\n            const element = document.getElementById(elementId);\r\n            if (element) {\r\n                const offset = getNavbarHeight();\r\n                const elementPosition = element.getBoundingClientRect().top;\r\n                const offsetPosition = elementPosition - offset-40;\r\n\r\n                window.scrollBy({\r\n                    top: offsetPosition,\r\n                    behavior: 'smooth'\r\n                });\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk menangani klik pada tautan judul\r\n        function handleTitleClick(event) {\r\n            event.preventDefault();\r\n            const href = event.target.getAttribute('href').substr(1);\r\n            scrollToElementWithOffset(href);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Tambahkan event listener untuk semua tautan judul\r\n        const titleLinks = document.querySelectorAll('a[href^=\"#\"]');\r\n        titleLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n            link.addEventListener('click', handleTitleClick);\r\n        });\r\n\t});\r\n    <\/script> -->\r\n<!-- \t<style>#toc_group_float{display:block !important}<\/style> -->\r\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Reliable reporting starts with clean accounting data. When MPERS or MFRS affects amortisation, revaluation, consolidation, or transition records, the right accounting software helps finance teams keep those details organised before audit review.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n    <div class=\"adjustable-banner-wrap\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/accounting-software?medium=moneysite-banner\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                 src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/my_accounting_desktop.webp\"\r\n                 data-desktop-src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/my_accounting_desktop.webp\"\r\n                 data-mobile-src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/my_accounting_mobile.webp\"\r\n                 alt=\"Accounting\"\r\n                 class=\"responsive-image-banner\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n            <div class=\"adjustable-banner-overlay\" style=\"width: 40%\">\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"adjustable-banner-btn\">Schedule a Consultation<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<script>\r\n    \/\/ check which image to use based on screensize\r\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n        function updateImageSource() {\r\n            var images = document.querySelectorAll('.responsive-image-banner');\r\n            var screenWidth = window.innerWidth;\r\n\r\n            images.forEach(function(img) {\r\n                var mobileSrc = img.getAttribute('data-mobile-src');\r\n                var desktopSrc = img.getAttribute('data-desktop-src');\r\n\r\n                if (screenWidth < 576 && mobileSrc) {\r\n                    img.setAttribute('src', mobileSrc);\r\n                } else {\r\n                    img.setAttribute('src', desktopSrc);\r\n                }\r\n            });\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Initial check\r\n        updateImageSource();\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Update on resize\r\n        window.addEventListener('resize', updateImageSource);\r\n    });\r\n<\/script><span id=\"Are\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>What Are MPERS and MFRS?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>MPERS and MFRS are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/accounting-principles\/\">accounting standards and reporting principles<\/a> issued by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) to guide how Malaysian companies prepare financial statements. Malaysian companies use them to prepare financial statements under the Companies Act 2016, depending on whether the company qualifies as a private entity or has public accountability.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS) is issued by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) for private entities. Effective from 1 January 2016, it replaced Private Entities Reporting Standards (PERS) and contains 35 sections based on IFRS for SMEs, with Malaysia-specific guidance such as MASB 32.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span id=\"Who\"><\/span>Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) is used by entities with public accountability, such as listed companies, banks, insurers, takaful operators, Capital Markets and Services Licence holders, and development financial institutions. It is fully aligned with International Financial Reporting Standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Who Should Use MPERS and Who Must Use MFRS?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19613\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Who-Should-Use-MPERS-and-Who-Must-Use-MFRS.webp\" alt=\"Who Should Use MPERS and Who Must Use MFRS\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Who-Should-Use-MPERS-and-Who-Must-Use-MFRS.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Who-Should-Use-MPERS-and-Who-Must-Use-MFRS-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Who-Should-Use-MPERS-and-Who-Must-Use-MFRS-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Who-Should-Use-MPERS-and-Who-Must-Use-MFRS-747x420.webp 747w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Who-Should-Use-MPERS-and-Who-Must-Use-MFRS-150x84.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Who-Should-Use-MPERS-and-Who-Must-Use-MFRS-696x392.webp 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The choice between MPERS and MFRS depends on whether a company qualifies as a private entity or has public accountability. For business owners, the key point is not only whether the company is listed, but also whether it is connected to a group that must follow MFRS.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #990000; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; width: 50%; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9;\">Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #990000; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; width: 50%; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9;\">Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 16px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; background-color: #f9f9f9;\">\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.8;\">\n<li>Private company incorporated under the Companies Act 2016<\/li>\n<li>Not required to lodge financial statements with the Securities Commission Malaysia or Bank Negara Malaysia<\/li>\n<li>Not a subsidiary, associate, or jointly controlled entity of a company that must report to the Securities Commission Malaysia or Bank Negara Malaysia<\/li>\n<li>May choose MFRS voluntarily, but must apply it in full once selected<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 16px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.8;\">\n<li>Listed companies on Bursa Malaysia<\/li>\n<li>Licensed banks and insurance companies<\/li>\n<li>Takaful operators and Islamic banks<\/li>\n<li>Capital Markets and Services Licence holders, development financial institutions, and central depositories<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The condition that often causes confusion is subsidiary status. A Sdn Bhd may look like a private company on its own, but if it is a subsidiary, associate, or jointly controlled by a listed parent company or another entity regulated by the Securities Commission Malaysia or Bank Negara Malaysia, it may not qualify for MPERS.<\/p>\n<p>This means the company\u2019s group structure matters as much as its own legal status. Before choosing MPERS, business owners should check whether the company is connected to a parent, investor, or regulated entity that already uses MFRS.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Key Differences Between MPERS and MFRS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>MPERS and MFRS share the same broad reporting purpose, but they differ in complexity, measurement choices, and disclosure depth. In practice, the difference affects how a company consolidates subsidiaries, recognises goodwill, measures investment property, treats borrowing costs, and classifies financial instruments.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; min-width: 1400px; border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color: #990000; color: #ffffff; padding: 14px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-align: left; width: 240px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;\">Area<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #990000; color: #ffffff; padding: 14px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-align: left; width: 560px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;\">MPERS<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #990000; color: #ffffff; padding: 14px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-align: left; width: 560px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;\">MFRS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.8;\">Control of subsidiaries<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Based on power to govern financial and operating policies<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Uses a 3-element test covering power, exposure to variable returns, and ability to affect returns<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.8;\">Goodwill<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Amortised over useful life, with a maximum of 10 years<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Not amortised, but tested for impairment annually<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.8;\">Investments in associates and joint ventures<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Allows equity method, cost model, or fair value model<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Uses equity method only<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.8;\">Financial instruments<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Uses 2 measurement models<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Uses 4 measurement models<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.8;\">Investment property<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Fair value model required unless fair value cannot be measured reliably<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Choice between fair value model and cost model<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.8;\">Borrowing costs<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Expensed in profit or loss<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Capitalised when directly attributable to a qualifying asset<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.8;\">Intangible assets<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Finite useful life only, no revaluation, and all research and development costs expensed<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">May have indefinite useful life, revaluation is permitted, and development costs may be capitalised when criteria are met<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.8;\">Recycling of foreign exchange reserve<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Not permitted on disposal of foreign operation<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Permitted on disposal of foreign operation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.8;\">Leases<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">No bright-line threshold for classification<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f3f3f3; padding: 16px 12px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8;\">Follows MFRS 16 with a right-of-use asset model<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Control of Subsidiaries<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>MPERS defines control by the power to govern another entity\u2019s financial and operating policies. MFRS uses a broader test covering power, variable returns, and the ability to affect those returns. This can change which entities must be included in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/consolidated-financial-statements\/\">consolidated financial statements<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Goodwill Treatment<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Under MPERS Section 19, goodwill is amortised over its useful life, with a maximum of 10 years if the period cannot be estimated. Under MFRS, goodwill is not amortised but tested for impairment every year, which can create larger losses when value declines.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Investment Property<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>MPERS Section 16 generally uses fair value for investment property when it can be measured reliably, with changes going to profit or loss. MFRS allows either fair value or cost model, giving companies more policy choice.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Borrowing Costs<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Under MPERS Section 25, borrowing costs are expensed immediately. Under MFRS, borrowing costs linked to qualifying assets can be capitalised, which affects early profit and asset value.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Financial Instruments<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>MPERS Section 11 and Section 12 use simpler measurement rules for basic receivables, payables, loans, and simple investments. MFRS is more detailed and better suited for complex treasury, hedging, derivatives, or investment portfolios.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>MPERS vs PERS: Why the Historical Shift Matters<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>MPERS replaced the older Private Entities Reporting Standards (PERS), which was based on IAS-era standards and had not been updated since 1 January 2006. The shift made private entity reporting in Malaysia more current through statement of comprehensive income, removal of extraordinary items, and clearer disclosures for judgements and related party transactions.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"Need\"><\/span>It also changed key treatments such as non-controlling interest and leases. Non-controlling interest is no longer treated as an expense in profit or loss, while lease classification now depends on the substance of the arrangement instead of fixed 75% or 90% bright-line thresholds.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>First-Time Adoption and What Companies Need to Prepare<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>For first-time adoption under MPERS Section 35, companies need to prepare these key items:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First-time adopter status:<\/strong> Confirm whether this is the company\u2019s first financial statement that fully complies with Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Date of transition:<\/strong> Set the correct transition date before preparing the opening financial position.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opening statement:<\/strong> Prepare an opening statement of financial position based on MPERS requirements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transition impact:<\/strong> Explain how the change affects financial position, performance, and cash flows.<\/li>\n<li><strong>System readiness:<\/strong> Use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/best-accounting-software\/\">accounting software in Malaysia<\/a> to keep transition records, adjustments, and reporting data easier to manage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Choose Between MPERS and MFRS: A Practical Guide<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19611\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/How-to-Choose-Between-MPERS-and-MFRS-A-Practical-Guide.webp\" alt=\"How to Choose Between MPERS and MFRS A Practical Guide\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/How-to-Choose-Between-MPERS-and-MFRS-A-Practical-Guide.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/How-to-Choose-Between-MPERS-and-MFRS-A-Practical-Guide-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/How-to-Choose-Between-MPERS-and-MFRS-A-Practical-Guide-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/How-to-Choose-Between-MPERS-and-MFRS-A-Practical-Guide-630x420.webp 630w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/How-to-Choose-Between-MPERS-and-MFRS-A-Practical-Guide-150x100.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/How-to-Choose-Between-MPERS-and-MFRS-A-Practical-Guide-696x464.webp 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Check Whether the Company Has Public Accountability<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Choosing between MPERS and MFRS starts with the company\u2019s reporting obligation. If the company is listed, regulated by the Securities Commission Malaysia or Bank Negara Malaysia, or operates in a regulated financial sector, MFRS is usually required.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Review the Company\u2019s Group Structure<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Check the group structure. A Sdn Bhd may look private, but if it is a subsidiary or associate of a listed or regulated entity, MPERS may not be available because the parent company\u2019s reporting requirements can affect the subsidiary.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Consider Future Funding or IPO Plans<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Future plans also matter. Companies planning an IPO, institutional funding, or group consolidation within the next 3 to 5 years may benefit from adopting MFRS earlier. Companies with simpler operations and no such plans may find MPERS more practical.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Match the Standard with Transaction Complexity<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Transaction complexity should be reviewed as well. MFRS is more suitable for businesses with subsidiaries, investment properties, acquisitions, complex financial instruments, or treasury activities. MPERS is usually easier for companies with basic receivables, payables, loans, inventory, and standard operations.<\/p>\n<p>A private entity that has adopted MFRS should not assume it can freely return to MPERS. Any switch back usually needs strong justification and auditor agreement because it affects reporting consistency.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>The Impact on Your Accounting System<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Choosing MPERS or MFRS affects how the accounting system handles amortisation, revaluation, financial instruments, and borrowing costs. MPERS may need goodwill amortisation schedules and fair value updates, while MFRS may require more flexible classification and project-level tracking for qualifying assets.<\/p>\n<p>The selected standard should match the system\u2019s capability. If reporting involves consolidation, revaluation, amortisation, or project-level cost tracking, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/my\/blog\/best-financial-reporting-software\/\">financial reporting software<\/a> should help keep records consistent without relying too much on manual adjustments.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Choosing a reporting standard is not only about meeting audit requirements. It also affects how management reads business performance, prepares for growth, and explains financial results to shareholders, lenders, or future investors.<\/p>\n<p>For Malaysian companies, the safer choice is the one that fits both the current company structure and the direction of the business. A standard that feels simple today may create more work later if the company plans to consolidate, raise funding, or handle more complex transactions.<\/p>\n<p>If the decision is still unclear, a free consultation can help finance teams review their reporting needs, system readiness, and audit expectations before committing to MPERS or MFRS.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>FAQ About MPERS in Malaysia<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"bottom_faq\">\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Is MPERS mandatory for all Sdn Bhd companies in Malaysia?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS) apply to private companies that are not required to lodge financial statements with the Securities Commission Malaysia or Bank Negara Malaysia, and are not subsidiaries of regulated entities. However, a private company may choose Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) voluntarily. The old Private Entities Reporting Standards (PERS) can no longer be used since MPERS became effective.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>What is the main difference between MPERS and MFRS in simple terms?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS) is a simpler framework for private companies. Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) is the full framework used by public accountability entities. The biggest differences usually appear in goodwill, financial instruments, investment property, and borrowing costs.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Can a company switch from MPERS to MFRS?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Yes, a company can switch from Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS) to Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS). Moving back from MFRS to MPERS is much more limited and usually needs strong justification. The company should discuss the change with its auditor because it may affect comparability and restatement of financial statements.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>When did MPERS become effective in Malaysia?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS) became effective for annual financial statements beginning on or after 1 January 2016. Earlier application was also permitted.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Does MPERS apply to sole proprietors or partnerships?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>No. Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS) apply to private companies incorporated under the Companies Act 2016. Sole proprietors and partnerships follow different reporting requirements based on their business structure.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>How many sections are in MPERS?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS) contains 35 sections. These sections cover key areas of financial reporting for private entities, including financial statements, revenue, property, plant and equipment, financial instruments, related party transactions, and other accounting treatments.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>What happens if a private company applies the wrong accounting standard?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Using the wrong accounting framework can create audit issues and may affect whether the financial statements are considered properly prepared. It can also affect credit assessment, investor due diligence, and compliance under the Companies Act 2016. If the company is part of a listed or regulated group, the mistake may also affect consolidation at parent company level.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For many Sdn Bhd directors in Malaysia, reporting issues often arise when auditors ask why the company uses one standard instead of another. MPERS vs MFRS becomes an important comparison because each choice affects how goodwill, investment property, borrowing costs, and financial instruments are recorded. According to the IFRS Foundation, private entities in Malaysia have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":19606,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-19599","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-accounting"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>MPERS vs MFRS: Key Differences in Malaysia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Compare MPERS vs MFRS key differences, eligibility, and reporting impact in Malaysia to choose the right standard for your company.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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