{"id":172617,"date":"2025-10-20T16:50:29","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T09:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/?p=172617"},"modified":"2026-03-25T10:26:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T03:26:28","slug":"barang-substitusi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/barang-substitusi\/","title":{"rendered":"Barang Substitusi: Pengertian, Jenis-jenis, dan Contohnya"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dalam lanskap bisnis 2025 yang dinamis, kemampuan untuk memahami setiap elemen persaingan menjadi kunci utama keberhasilan. Banyak perusahaan fokus pada rival langsung, namun seringkali mengabaikan ancaman tersembunyi dari <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idxchannel.com\/milenomic\/apa-yang-dimaksud-dengan-barang-substitusi-ini-definisi-dan-contohnya\/all\"><strong>barang substitusi<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Kegagalan mengidentifikasi produk substitusi dapat menyebabkan perusahaan kehilangan relevansi, menghadapi tekanan harga yang hebat, dan pada akhirnya, mengalami penurunan profitabilitas.<\/p>\n<p>Oleh karena itu, penting bagi setiap Anda untuk menyusun strategi inventaris yang efektif. Bagaimanakah itu dan apa pengertian serta jenis-jenis produk substitusi? Simak selengkapnya di sini.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #fffacd; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-radius: 25px 25px 25px 25px;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 15px; border: none;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #990000; color: #ffffff; padding: 5px;\"><b>Key Takeaways<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"#adalah\">Barang substitusi adalah<\/a> produk\/jasa pengganti dengan fungsi serupa yang memberi konsumen pilihan sekaligus menciptakan persaingan bagi produsen.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"#dampak\">Dampak barang substitusi<\/a> ialah menekan harga, menggerus market share, mendorong inovasi, serta menuntut manajemen inventaris lebih adaptif.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/inventaris\">Software Inventory HashMicro<\/a> membantu bisnis mengelola stok lebih efisien, sehingga tetap kompetitif dan tangguh menghadapi ancaman barang substitusi. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"adalah\">\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n    \/\/ check which image to use based on screensize\r\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n        function updateImageSource() {\r\n            var images = document.querySelectorAll('.responsive-image-banner');\r\n            var screenWidth = window.innerWidth;\r\n\r\n            images.forEach(function(img) {\r\n                var mobileSrc = img.getAttribute('data-mobile-src');\r\n                var desktopSrc = img.getAttribute('data-desktop-src');\r\n\r\n                if (screenWidth < 576 && mobileSrc) {\r\n                    img.setAttribute('src', mobileSrc);\r\n                } else {\r\n                    img.setAttribute('src', desktopSrc);\r\n                }\r\n            });\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Initial check\r\n        updateImageSource();\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Update on resize\r\n        window.addEventListener('resize', updateImageSource);\r\n    });\r\n<\/script><div id=\"toc_group_article\" style=''>\r\n\t<p style='font-size:25px;font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:0px'>\r\n\t\tDaftar Isi:\r\n\t<\/p>\r\n\t<ul id=\"list_toc\" class='list_toc'><\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"placeholder-toc\"><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"toc\">\r\n    <div class=\"header\">\r\n\t<span class=\"toc-title\" id=\"toc-title\">Daftar Isi<\/span>\t\r\n\t <i class=\"toc-icon\">\r\n        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"header-icon\">\r\n          <path d=\"m6 9 6 6 6-6\" \/>\r\n        <\/svg>\r\n      <\/i>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"list\">\r\n      <ul id=\"toc-list\"><\/ul>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\/* Simple styling for the TOC *\/\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc ul li:last-child {\r\n    padding-bottom: 16px; \/* Adjust the value as needed *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: unset !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: unset !important; \r\n}\r\n.footer-contact .td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: translateZ(0) !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: translateZ(0) !important; 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*\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc ul li {\r\n\/*   margin-bottom: 10px; *\/\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\ttransition: .2s ease;\r\n\tcursor: pointer;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc.sticky ul li {\r\n\t  margin-right: 10px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list li a:hover, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tpadding: 8px 16px 8px 16px; *\/\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 16px;\r\n\tborder-radius: 6px;\r\n\tcolor: #9c171e !important;\r\n\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.td-post-content #toc-list li:hover a, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\t\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tfont-weight: bold !important;\r\n\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc a, .td-post-content #toc-list a {\r\n  text-decoration: none;\r\n  color: #ea1717 !important;\r\n  transition: .2s ease;\r\n\tfont-weight: 400 !important;\r\n\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky {\r\n  position: fixed;\r\n\/*   top: 73px; *\/\r\n\tbottom: 0;\r\n  z-index: 100; \r\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); \r\n\twidth: 100%; \r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tbackground-color: #FFF1F1; *\/\r\n\tborder-bottom: 1px solid #ea1717;\r\n\/*   border: 1px solid #393939; *\/\r\n  box-shadow: 0px 0px 14px 0px #00000040;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\tpadding: 12px 16px !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadein{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadeout{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadeout .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadein{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadeout{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t\r\n#toc.sticky .header p{\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-top: 10px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .toc-icon{\r\n  visibility: visible;\r\n\/* \ttransition: 0.4s ease; *\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.toc-icon{\r\n\t\talign-items: center;\r\n    \tdisplay: flex;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\tsvg.header-icon{\r\n\/* \t\tbackground-color: #9c171e; *\/\r\n\t\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\t\tborder-radius: 30px;\r\n\t\tpadding: 5px;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc .header.active .toc-icon{\r\n\ttransform: rotate(0deg); \r\n\topacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\t#toc .header.active + .list {\r\n\t  max-height: 200px; \/* Adjust this value as needed *\/\r\n\t  opacity: 1;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#placeholder-toc{\r\n\/* \t\tdisplay: none; *\/\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 104px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 0px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: unset !important;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (max-width: 767px){\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 100% !important;\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 90% !important;\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 81px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 60px;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-left: auto;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\t\t\tpadding: 0 16px;\r\n\t\t\tright: 5%;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t<\/style>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc > li > ul {padding-left: 20px;margin-bottom: 0;}\r\n\t#list_toc{height:max-content;transition:ease-in-out}\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li.active > a {color:#b1252d;background: #ffe1e3;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {padding:3px 7px}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\tcolor:#000;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\t\ttransition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;\r\n\t\tfont-size:15px\r\n\t}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li{list-style:none;list-style-position:inside; margin-left:0;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float a:hover{color:#b1252d;}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a{margin-bottom:0px}\r\n\t#toc_group_float{\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(100vh - 100px);\r\n\t\toverflow: auto;\r\n\t\tz-index: 99;\r\n\t\tdisplay:none!important;\r\n\t\tbackground:#fff;\r\n\t\ttransition:all 0.5s linear\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width:1019px){\r\n\t\t#toc_group_float {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:block!important;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (max-width:768px){\r\n\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t \/* custom scrollbar style *\/\r\n::-webkit-scrollbar {\r\n    width: 7px;\r\n}\r\n::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\r\n    background: #d7a2a4;\r\n}\r\n::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\r\n    background: #b1252d;\r\n    border-radius: 15px;\r\n}\t\t\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n\tdocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n\t\t\/\/ Fungsi untuk menangani klik pada semua elemen <a> dengan href yang dimulai dengan #\r\n\t\tfunction handleTitleClick(event) {\r\n\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\r\n\t\t\tconst targetId = this.getAttribute('href').substring(1);\r\n\t\t\tconst targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId);\r\n\r\n\t\t\tif (targetElement) {\r\n\t\t\t\tconst headerHeight = document.querySelector('#toc .header').offsetHeight;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst navbarHeight = document.getElementById('tdi_34') ? document.getElementById('tdi_34').offsetHeight : 0;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst windowHeight = window.innerHeight;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst targetOffset = targetElement.offsetTop;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst scrollTo = targetOffset + (windowHeight \/ 2) + (headerHeight) - navbarHeight - 40;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\twindow.scrollTo({\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttop: scrollTo,\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbehavior: 'smooth'\r\n\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\/\/ Tambahkan event listener untuk semua elemen <a> di toc-list dan list-toc\r\n\t\tconst titleLinks = document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a, #list_toc a');\r\n\t\ttitleLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n\t\t\tlink.addEventListener('click', handleTitleClick);\r\n\t\t});\r\n\t});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<!-- ToC List for mobile -->\r\n<script>\r\n \/\/ Generate TOC based on headings\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  \/\/ Get the element that will contain the TOC\r\n  const tocList = document.getElementById('toc-list');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Get the element with the ID 'article-left'\r\n  const article = document.querySelector('.td-post-content');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Find all h2 elements within 'myarticle'\r\n  const headers = article.getElementsByTagName('h2');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Loop through the h2 elements and create a list item for each one\r\n  for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {\r\n    const header = headers[i];\r\n    const headerText = header.textContent;\r\n\/\/     const headerId = 'header-' + i;\r\n    const headerId = headerText\r\n    .toLowerCase()\r\n    .trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^\\w\\s-]\/g, '')  \/\/ hapus tanda baca\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-'); \/\/ ganti spasi jadi \"-\"\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Set an ID for the header if it doesn't have one\r\n    header.setAttribute('id', headerId);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a list item for the TOC\r\n    const listItem = document.createElement('li');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a link for the list item\r\n    const link = document.createElement('a');\r\n    link.setAttribute('href', '#' + headerId);\r\n    link.textContent = headerText;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the link to the list item\r\n    listItem.appendChild(link);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the list item to the TOC list\r\n    tocList.appendChild(listItem);\r\n  }\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ Keep height and placement of content using placeholder in place of TOC\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const placeholderToc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n\r\n  function setPlaceholderHeight() {\r\n    placeholderToc.style.height = `${toc.offsetHeight}px`;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Set the initial height of the placeholder\r\n  setPlaceholderHeight();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Update the height on window resize\r\n  window.addEventListener('resize', setPlaceholderHeight);\r\n});\r\n  const tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title'); \/\/ Assuming header-faq is the element for TOC title\r\n\r\n\/\/ Sticky TOC and update heading\r\n\/\/ document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n\/\/   const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n\/\/   const footer = document.querySelector('.td-footer-template-wrap');\r\n\/\/   const tocParent = toc.parentElement;\r\n\/\/   const divTop = tocParent.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset;\r\n\/\/   const tocHeight = toc.offsetHeight;\r\n\/\/   const triggerPoint = divTop + tocHeight + 700;\r\n\/\/   const footerHeight = footer.offsetHeight;\r\n\/\/   const triggerFooterPoint = footer.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset - footerHeight - footerHeight - footerHeight;\r\n\/\/   const phtoc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n\/\/   const headers = document.querySelectorAll('.td-post-content h2');\r\n\/\/   const navLinks = document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a');\r\n\t\r\n\/\/ \tconst panel2 = document.querySelector(\"#toc .list\");\r\n\/\/ \tvar icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n\r\n\/\/   let activeLink = null; \/\/ Declare activeLink outside the loop\r\n\t\r\n\/\/   \/\/ Function to handle scroll and add\/remove .sticky class\r\n\/\/   function handleScroll() {\r\n\/\/     const windowTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;\r\n\/\/     let currentHeader = '';\r\n\r\n\/\/     \/\/ Highlight user progress as the heading comes\r\n\/\/     headers.forEach(header => {\r\n\/\/ \t\tconst headerTop = header.offsetTop;\r\n\/\/ \t\tconst headerHeight = header.clientHeight;\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\tif (window.scrollY >= (headerTop - headerHeight + 700)) {\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\tconst currentHeaderId = header.getAttribute('id');\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\tconst currentHeaderText = document.getElementById(currentHeaderId).textContent;\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\tconsole.log(\"current header text:\", currentHeaderText);\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = currentHeaderText;\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\tcurrentHeader = currentHeaderId;\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = 'Daftar Isi';\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\t}\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\/\/ \t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = 'Daftar Isi'; \/\/ Selalu pertahankan judul ini di mobile\r\n\/\/ \t\t} else {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tif (window.scrollY >= (headerTop - headerHeight + 700)) {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\tconst currentHeaderId = header.getAttribute('id');\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\tconst currentHeaderText = document.getElementById(currentHeaderId).textContent;\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = currentHeaderText;\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\tcurrentHeader = currentHeaderId;\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t});\r\n\r\n\/\/     navLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n\/\/       link.classList.remove('active');\r\n\/\/       if(currentHeader != '') {\r\n\/\/ \t\t  if (link.getAttribute('href').includes(currentHeader)) {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  link.classList.add('active');\r\n\/\/ \t\t  }\r\n\/\/ \t  }\r\n\/\/     });\r\n\/\/ \/\/     if (windowTop < triggerFooterPoint) {\r\n\/\/ \/\/         toc.style.display = 'block';\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t}else{\r\n\/\/ \/\/         toc.style.display = 'none';\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t}\r\n\/\/     \/\/ Update TOC title if sticky\r\n\/\/     if (windowTop > triggerPoint) {\r\n\/\/       if (!toc.classList.contains('sticky')) {\r\n\/\/         phtoc.style.display = \"block\";\r\n\/\/         toc.classList.add('sticky');\r\n\/\/         toc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n\/\/         toc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\/\/         toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\/\/ \t\tpanel2.style.height = '0px';\r\n\/\/ \t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t  if(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\t  const tocs = document.querySelector('#toc.sticky');\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  tocTitle.textContent = 'Daftar Isi'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n\/\/        \t\t  toc.style.width = '150px'; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n\/\/ \t\t  }\r\n\/\/       }\r\n\/\/       if (currentHeader) {\r\n\/\/ \/\/         console.log(\"activeLink:\", activeLink);\r\n\/\/         if (activeLink) {\r\n\/\/ \/\/           tocTitle.textContent = activeLink.textContent; \/\/ Update TOC title\r\n\/\/           tocTitle.textContent = activeLink ? activeLink.textContent : \"\"; \/\/ Update title only if activeLink exists\r\n\/\/         }\r\n\/\/       }\r\n\/\/     } else {\r\n\/\/       toc.classList.remove('sticky');\r\n\/\/       phtoc.style.display = \"none\";\r\n\/\/       toc.style.width = 'unset'; \/\/ Reset to original width\r\n\/\/       toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\/\/       tocTitle.textContent = 'Daftar isi'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n\/\/ \t\tpanel2.style.height = panel2.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n\/\/ \t\ticon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\/\/     }\r\n\/\/   }\r\n\r\n\/\/     \/\/ Attach the scroll event listener to the window\r\n\/\/     window.addEventListener('scroll', handleScroll);\r\n\r\n\/\/     \/\/ Initial call to handleScroll to set the correct state on load\r\n\/\/     handleScroll();\r\n\/\/ });\r\n\t\r\n\/\/ \t\/\/ Open toggle TOC\r\n\/\/ \t  document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n\/\/ \t\tvar tocHeader = document.querySelector(\"#toc .header\");\r\n\/\/ \t\tvar toc = document.querySelector(\"#toc\");\r\n\/\/ \t\tvar icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n\/\/ \t\tconst tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title');\r\n\/\/ \t\tconst tocs = document.querySelector('#toc.sticky');\r\n\/\/  \t\tconst tocParent = toc.parentElement;\t\t  \r\n\r\n\/\/ \t\t  tocHeader.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tvar panel = this.nextElementSibling;\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tif (panel.style.height !== '0px') { \/\/ Check if height is not 0px\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  panel.style.height = '0px'; \/\/ Set height to 0 for full collapse\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\t\ttoc.style.paddingBottom = '6px'; \r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth > 768){\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\tif(!toc.classList.contains('sticky')){\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = \"unset\";\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\tif (toc.classList.contains('sticky')){\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = '${tocParent.offsetWidth}px';\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = \"unset\"; \/\/ Reset width\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\ttoc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF1F1\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t} else {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  panel.style.height = panel.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(0deg)\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  tocTitle.textContent = 'Daftar isi'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\ttoc.style.paddingBottom = '24px';\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t \tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t\t  });\r\n\r\n\/\/ \t\t  \/\/ Close TOC when a link inside it is clicked\r\n\/\/ \t\t  var tocLinks = document.querySelectorAll(\"#toc .list a\");\r\n\/\/ \t\t  tocLinks.forEach(function(link) {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tlink.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  var panel = document.querySelector(\"#toc .list\");\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  panel.style.height = '0px'; \/\/ Set height to 0 for full collapse\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t});\r\n\/\/ \t\t  });\r\n\/\/ \t\t});\r\n\r\n\/\/ START new JS for ToC improvements\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const footer = document.querySelector('.td-footer-template-wrap');\r\n  const tocParent = toc.parentElement;\r\n  const divTop = tocParent.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset;\r\n  const tocHeight = toc.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerPoint = divTop + tocHeight + 1750;\r\n\tconsole.log(triggerPoint)\r\n  const footerHeight = footer.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerFooterPoint = footer.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset - footerHeight*3;\r\n  const phtoc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n  const headers = document.querySelectorAll('.td-post-content h2');\r\n  const navLinks = document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a');\r\n  \r\n  const panel2 = document.querySelector(\"#toc .list\");\r\n  const icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n  const tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title');\r\n\r\n  let activeLink = null;\r\n  let userClosedTOC = false; \/\/ Flag user menutup TOC\r\n\r\n  function handleScroll() {\r\n    const windowTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;\r\n    let currentHeader = '';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Update TOC title sesuai header yang terlihat\r\n    headers.forEach(header => {\r\n      const headerTop = header.offsetTop;\r\n      const headerHeight = header.clientHeight;\r\n      if(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n        tocTitle.textContent = 'Daftar Isi'; \r\n      } else {\r\n        if (window.scrollY >= (headerTop - headerHeight + 1750)) {\r\n          const currentHeaderId = header.getAttribute('id');\r\n          const currentHeaderText = document.getElementById(currentHeaderId).textContent;\r\n          tocTitle.textContent = currentHeaderText;\r\n          currentHeader = currentHeaderId;\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    navLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n      link.classList.remove('active');\r\n      if(currentHeader && link.getAttribute('href').includes(currentHeader)) {\r\n        link.classList.add('active');\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    if (windowTop > triggerPoint) {\r\n      if (!toc.classList.contains('sticky')) {\r\n        phtoc.style.display = \"block\";\r\n        toc.classList.add('sticky');\r\n        toc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`;\r\n        toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n        \/\/ Saat sticky, TOC otomatis tertutup\r\n        panel2.style.height = '0px';\r\n        icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n        userClosedTOC = true; \/\/ Set flag supaya tidak terbuka saat scroll\r\n      }\r\n      \r\n      if(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n        tocTitle.textContent = 'Daftar Isi'; \r\n        toc.style.width = '150px';\r\n      }\r\n\r\n    } else {\r\n      toc.classList.remove('sticky');\r\n      phtoc.style.display = \"none\";\r\n      toc.style.width = 'unset';\r\n      toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n      tocTitle.textContent = 'Daftar isi'; \r\n\r\n      \/\/ Kembalikan panel jika user belum menutup manual\r\n      if(!userClosedTOC) {\r\n        panel2.style.height = panel2.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n        icon.style.transform = \"rotate(0deg)\";\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  window.addEventListener('scroll', handleScroll);\r\n  handleScroll();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Toggle TOC saat user klik\r\n  const tocHeader = document.querySelector(\"#toc .header\");\r\n  tocHeader.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\r\n    const panel = panel2;\r\n    if (panel.style.height !== '0px') {\r\n      panel.style.height = '0px';\r\n      icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n      userClosedTOC = true;\r\n    } else {\r\n      panel.style.height = panel.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n      icon.style.transform = \"rotate(0deg)\";\r\n      userClosedTOC = false;\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Close TOC saat link diklik\r\n  document.querySelectorAll(\"#toc .list a\").forEach(link => {\r\n    link.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\r\n      panel2.style.height = '0px';\r\n      icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n      userClosedTOC = true;\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\/\/ END new JS for ToC improvements\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\/\/ \tmake the heading at the center of the viewport\r\n\/\/ \tdocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n\/\/     \/\/ Add click event listener to all links in the TOC list\r\n\/\/     document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a').forEach(anchor => {\r\n\/\/         anchor.addEventListener('click', function (e) {\r\n\/\/             e.preventDefault(); \/\/ Prevent the default behavior of jumping to the anchor\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\tconsole.log(\"prevent default\");\r\n\/\/             const targetId = this.getAttribute('href').substring(1); \/\/ Get the ID of the target element\r\n\/\/             const targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId); \/\/ Get the target element\r\n\r\n\/\/             if (targetElement) {\r\n\/\/                 const headerHeight = document.querySelector('#toc .header').offsetHeight; \/\/ Get the height of the fixed header\r\n\/\/                 const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; \/\/ Get the height of the viewport\r\n\/\/                 const targetOffset = targetElement.offsetTop; \/\/ Get the top offset of the target element\r\n\/\/                 const scrollTo = targetOffset + (windowHeight \/ 2) + (headerHeight); \/\/ Calculate the scroll position to center the target element\r\n\r\n\/\/                 \/\/ Scroll to the calculated position smoothly\r\n\/\/                 window.scrollTo({\r\n\/\/                     top: scrollTo,\r\n\/\/                     behavior: 'smooth'\r\n\/\/                 });\r\n\/\/             }\r\n\/\/         });\r\n\/\/     });\r\n\/\/ });\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n    \/\/ Scrollspy function to highlight the active TOC item based on the scroll position\r\n  function scrollSpy(tocClass) {\r\n    const scrollPosition = window.scrollY;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Find the active h2 and h3 headings based on their position in the corresponding TOC\r\n    let activeH2 = null;\r\n    let activeH3 = null;\r\n\r\n    const tocItems = document.querySelectorAll(`.${tocClass} li`);\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (!a) return;\r\n      const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n      const targetId = href.substring(1); \/\/ Remove the '#' from the href to get the target ID\r\n      const targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId);\r\n      if (!targetElement) return;\r\n\r\n      const targetTop = targetElement.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition;\r\n      const nextItem = item.nextElementSibling;\r\n      const nextTop = nextItem ? nextItem.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition : Infinity;\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop <= scrollPosition + 150) {\r\n        if (a.parentElement.parentElement === tocItems) {\r\n          \/\/ The h2 heading is at the root level of the TOC\r\n          activeH2 = { id: targetId, level: 'h2' };\r\n        } \r\n\t\t  else {\r\n          \/\/ The h3 heading is nested under an h2 heading\r\n          const parentH2 = a.parentElement.parentElement.previousElementSibling;\r\n          if (parentH2) {\r\n            const h2Link = parentH2.querySelector('a');\r\n            if (h2Link) {\r\n              const h2Href = h2Link.getAttribute('href');\r\n              const h2Id = h2Href.substring(1);\r\n              activeH2 = { id: h2Id, level: 'h2' };\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n          activeH3 = { id: targetId, level: 'h3' };\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop > scrollPosition + 150 && nextTop > scrollPosition + 150 && !activeH3) {\r\n        \/\/ Reset the activeH2 when there are no more active h3 headings\r\n        activeH2 = null;\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Update the active state for the TOC items\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      item.classList.remove('active');\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (a) {\r\n        const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n        const targetId = href.substring(1);\r\n        if ((activeH2 && activeH2.id === targetId) || (activeH3 && activeH3.id === targetId)) {\r\n          item.classList.add('active');\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Call scrollSpy for each TOC on window scroll\r\n  const tocClasses = ['list_toc', 'list_toc_float']; \/\/ Add other TOC class names here if you have more than two instances\r\n  tocClasses.forEach(tocClass => {\r\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', () => scrollSpy(tocClass));\r\n  });\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<!-- ToC List for desktop side bar, diganti jadi inject by php, di code snippet \"Sidebar Accordion\" -->\r\n<!-- <script>\r\n\tdocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk membuat nested list\r\n        function createNestedList(parentNode, children) {\r\n            if (children.length === 0) return;\r\n\r\n            const nestedUl = document.createElement('ul');\r\n            children.forEach(child => {\r\n                const nestedLi = document.createElement('li');\r\n                const nestedA = document.createElement('a');\r\n                nestedA.textContent = child.title;\r\n                nestedA.href = `#${child.id}`;\r\n                nestedLi.appendChild(nestedA);\r\n                nestedUl.appendChild(nestedLi);\r\n\r\n                if (child.children.length > 0) {\r\n                    createNestedList(nestedLi, child.children);\r\n                }\r\n            });\r\n\r\n            parentNode.appendChild(nestedUl);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Membuat objek untuk menyimpan daftar h2 dan h3 beserta judulnya\r\n        const headings = [];\r\n\r\n           \/\/ Mengambil semua elemen h2 dan h3\r\n        \/\/ Mengambil semua elemen h2 dan h3\r\n\t\tconst elements = document.querySelectorAll('.td-post-content h2');\r\n\r\n\t\t\tfunction newFormatId(text) {\r\n\t\t\t\tif(text.toLowerCase() === \"key takeaways\") {\r\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tconst result = text.toLowerCase()\r\n\t\t\t\t.trim()\r\n\t\t\t\t.replace(\/[^\\w\\s-]\/g, '')  \/\/ hapus tanda baca\r\n\t\t\t\t.replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-'); \/\/ ganti spasi jadi \"-\"\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\treturn result;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\telements.forEach(element => {\r\n\t\t\tif (element.tagName === 'H2') {\r\n\t\t\t\tconst id = newFormatId(element.textContent); \/\/ Hasilkan ID baru\r\n\t\t\t\telement.id = id; \/\/ Tetapkan ID ke elemen h2\r\n\t\t\t\tif (element.textContent.toLowerCase() === \"key takeaways\") {return;} \/\/ Kalau Key Takeaways, jangan dimasukin\r\n\t\t\t\theadings.push({ level: 'h2', id: id, title: element.textContent, children: [] });\r\n\t\t\t} else if (element.tagName === 'H3') {\r\n\t\t\t\tconst id = newFormatId(element.textContent); \/\/ Hasilkan ID baru\r\n\t\t\t\telement.id = id; \/\/ Tetapkan ID ke elemen h3\r\n\t\t\t\tif (headings.length > 0) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\theadings[headings.length - 1].children.push({ level: 'h3', id: id, title: element.textContent, children: [] });\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t});\r\n       \/\/ Membuat list HTML dari objek headings\r\n\t\tconst ul = document.getElementById('list_toc');\r\n\t\tlet currentUl = ul;\r\n\t\theadings.forEach(heading => {\r\n\t\t\tconst li = document.createElement('li');\r\n\t\t\tconst a = document.createElement('a');\r\n\t\t\ta.textContent = heading.title;\r\n\t\t\ta.href = `#${heading.id}`; \/\/ Gunakan ID yang baru dihasilkan\r\n\t\t\tli.appendChild(a);\r\n\r\n\t\t\tif (heading.level === 'h2') {\r\n\t\t\t\tcurrentUl = li;\r\n\t\t\t\tul.appendChild(li);\r\n\t\t\t} else if (heading.level === 'h3') {\r\n\t\t\t\tif (!currentUl.lastElementChild || currentUl.lastElementChild.tagName !== 'UL') {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tconst nestedUl = document.createElement('ul');\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcurrentUl.appendChild(nestedUl);\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcurrentUl = nestedUl;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\tcurrentUl.appendChild(li);\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\tcreateNestedList(li, heading.children);\r\n\t\t});\r\n\t\t\/\/ Dapatkan elemen ul dengan id 'list_toc'\r\n\t\tconst ulFloat = document.getElementById('list_toc');\r\n\r\n\t\t\/\/ Dapatkan isi (child elements) dari ul dengan id 'list_toc'\r\n\t\tconst clonedChildren = ulFloat.cloneNode(true).children;\r\n\r\n\t\t\/\/ Dapatkan elemen ul dengan id 'list_toc_float'\r\n\t\tconst ulToc = document.getElementById('list_toc_float');\r\n\r\n\t\t\/\/ Tambahkan isi yang telah didapatkan dari 'list_toc' ke ul dengan id 'list_toc_float'\r\n\t\tulToc.append(...clonedChildren);\r\n\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk mengambil tinggi navbar\r\n\t\tfunction getNavbarHeight() {\r\n\t\t\tconst navbar = document.getElementById('tdi_34');\r\n\t\t\treturn navbar ? navbar.offsetHeight : 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\/\/ Fungsi untuk menambahkan offset posisi scroll\r\n\t\tfunction scrollToElementWithOffset(elementId) {\r\n\t\t\tconst element = document.getElementById(elementId);\r\n\t\t\tif (element) {\r\n\t\t\t\tconst offset = getNavbarHeight();\r\n\t\t\t\tconst elementPosition = element.getBoundingClientRect().top;\r\n\t\t\t\tconst offsetPosition = elementPosition - offset - 40;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\twindow.scrollBy({\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttop: offsetPosition,\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbehavior: 'smooth'\r\n\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\/\/ Fungsi untuk menangani klik pada tautan judul\r\n\t\tfunction handleTitleClick(event) {\r\n\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\r\n\t\t\tconst href = event.target.getAttribute('href').substr(1);\r\n\t\t\tscrollToElementWithOffset(href);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\/\/ Tambahkan event listener untuk semua tautan judul\r\n\t\tconst titleLinks = document.querySelectorAll('a[href^=\"#\"]');\r\n\t\ttitleLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n\t\t\tlink.addEventListener('click', handleTitleClick);\r\n\t\t});\r\n\t\t\r\n\t});\r\n    <\/script> -->\r\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Apa Itu Barang Substitusi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Barang substitusi adalah produk atau jasa yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan produk atau jasa lain karena memiliki fungsi, manfaat, dan target konsumen yang serupa.<\/p>\n<p>Dalam sudut pandang ekonomi, barang substitusi menjaga keseimbangan pasar karena konsumen dapat beralih ketika harga salah satu barang naik. Kondisi ini memunculkan persaingan sehat yang membuat produsen meningkatkan kualitas produk melalui <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/tips-menjalankan-brand-positioning-untuk-meningkatkan-kualitas-produk-bisnis-anda\/\">strategi brand positioning yang tepat<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Ciri-ciri utama barang substitusi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Ciri utama dari barang substitusi terletak pada beberapa poin penting berikut ini:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Menggerakkan elastisitas permintaan karena perubahan harga langsung memicu pergeseran konsumsi.<\/li>\n<li>Memiliki fungsi yang sama dengan barang pokok, sehingga konsumen dapat mengganti tanpa mengubah pola konsumsi.<\/li>\n<li>Menjadi indikator pasar yang kompetitif di mana konsumen bebas memilih alternatif terbaik.<\/li>\n<li>Mengubah strategi harga produsen saat salah satu barang mulai kehilangan daya saing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Perbedaan Barang Substitusi dan Barang Komplementer<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Saat Anda mengunjungi pasar secara langsung, antara barang substitusi dan komplementer bisa jadi membingungkan. Untuk mudah mengenalinya, mari kita simak perbedaan mencolok di antara kedua barang dagang ini:<\/p>\n<h3><strong>1. Barang substitusi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Menggantikan fungsi barang lain ketika harga salah satu naik.<\/li>\n<li>Mendorong konsumen berpindah merek atau produk dengan cepat.<\/li>\n<li>Menimbulkan persaingan langsung antar produsen.<\/li>\n<li>Harga satu barang naik, permintaan barang substitusi meningkat.<\/li>\n<li>Pebisnis menyesuaikan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/strategi-penetapan-harga\/\">strategi harga agar tetap kompetitif<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Konsumen membandingkan kualitas dan nilai sebelum memutuskan membeli.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>2. Barang komplementer<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Melengkapi fungsi barang lain dan digunakan bersamaan.<\/li>\n<li>Kenaikan harga satu barang menurunkan permintaan barang pasangannya.<\/li>\n<li>Mendorong produsen bekerja sama untuk menciptakan paket atau bundling produk.<\/li>\n<li>Menumbuhkan nilai tambah melalui penggunaan bersama (misalnya kopi dan gula).<\/li>\n<li>Pebisnis menjaga keseimbangan harga agar kedua barang tetap diminati.<\/li>\n<li>Konsumen cenderung membeli keduanya sekaligus untuk mendapatkan manfaat penuh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Apa Sajakah Jenis-jenis Barang Substitusi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Untuk lebih mudah memahaminya, barang substitusi di Indonesia terbagi menjadi dua jenis. Berikut adalah penjelasan lengkapnya:<\/p>\n<h3><strong>1. Barang substitusi sempurna<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Barang substitusi sempurna memiliki fungsi dan manfaat yang benar-benar sama. Konsumen dapat berpindah dari satu produk ke produk lain tanpa merasa kehilangan kualitas atau nilai.<\/p>\n<p>Contoh barang substitusi sempurna adalah air mineral dari merek berbeda yang menawarkan komposisi dan rasa serupa.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. Barang substitusi tidak sempurna<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Barang substitusi tidak sempurna tetap bisa saling menggantikan, tetapi dengan perbedaan rasa, kualitas, atau fitur. Konsumen tetap mempertimbangkan preferensi pribadi sebelum berpindah.<\/p>\n<p>Misalnya, teh dan kopi sama-sama bisa menggantikan kebutuhan minuman berkafein, tetapi rasa dan efeknya berbeda.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Contoh Barang Substitusi dalam Berbagai Industri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Berikut adalah beberapa contoh praktis dari barang substitusi dari berbagai industri yang berkembang di Indonesia:<\/p>\n<h3><strong>1. Industri makanan dan minuman (F&amp;B)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Di industri F&amp;B, barang substitusi terlihat jelas setiap hari. Konsumen bebas beralih antara kopi dan teh untuk kebutuhan kafein, atau memilih mentega dan margarin sesuai selera dan harga.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. Sektor teknologi dan perangkat lunak<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Dunia teknologi dipenuhi substitusi yang bergerak cepat. Zoom, Google Meet, dan lainnya bersaing menawarkan pengalaman rapat virtual terbaik. Aplikasi seperti Trello dan Asana saling menggantikan dalam manajemen proyek.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. Industri transportasi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Transportasi menghadirkan substitusi paling nyata di kehidupan sehari-hari. Layanan ojek online seperti Gojek dan Grab menggantikan transportasi umum dalam kota.<\/p>\n<p>Untuk perjalanan jarak jauh, kereta, bus, dan maskapai bertarif rendah berebut penumpang dengan tawaran harga dan kenyamanan berbeda.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4. Sektor jasa profesional<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Di sektor jasa, substitusi terjadi lewat pilihan layanan. Perusahaan dapat memilih antara mempekerjakan staf internal, menggunakan agensi, atau menyewa freelancer untuk strategi pemasaran.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"dampak\">Masing-masing pilihan adalah substitusi satu sama lain untuk mencapai tujuan pemasaran. Demikian pula untuk pengelolaan keuangan, Anda bisa menggunakan akuntan atau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/sistem-akuntansi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">software akuntansi canggih<\/a> yang dapat mengotomatiskan banyak tugas.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Dampak Barang Substitusi terhadap Strategi Bisnis<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Di pasar yang terus bergerak cepat, barang substitusi adalah salah satu dari lima kekuatan kompetitif yang membentuk strategi, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam kerangka <a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2008\/01\/the-five-competitive-forces-that-shape-strategy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Porter&#8217;s Five Forces<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Produk ini memicu perubahan yang memaksa Anda untuk lebih gesit, inovatif, dan peka membaca sinyal pasar.<\/strong> Anda harus cerdas dalam mengelola stok, memantau tren permintaan, serta menyesuaikan strategi distribusi agar tetap kompetitif.<\/p>\n<p>Untuk itu, kehadiran sistem inventaris penting dalam memantau stok secara real time, mencegah kelebihan atau kekurangan barang, dan memberikan data akurat dalam pengambilan keputusan strategis.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, pilihan aplikasi inventaris manakah yang cocok untuk kebutuhan bisnis Anda? Bagian berikut mungkin dapat menjawab pertanyaan Anda.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Tingkatkan Eksistensi Produk Anda dengan Manajemen Software Inventory HashMicro<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-172415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/software-inventory-hashmicro-1.webp\" alt=\"Optimalkan Manajemen Bisnis Retail Pakaian Anda dengan Solusi Inventaris HashMicro\" width=\"1470\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/software-inventory-hashmicro-1.webp 1470w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/software-inventory-hashmicro-1-300x184.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/software-inventory-hashmicro-1-1024x627.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/software-inventory-hashmicro-1-768x470.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/software-inventory-hashmicro-1-686x420.webp 686w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/software-inventory-hashmicro-1-150x92.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/software-inventory-hashmicro-1-696x426.webp 696w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/software-inventory-hashmicro-1-1068x654.webp 1068w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1470px) 100vw, 1470px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Akurasi inventaris menjadi kunci dalam menghadapi ancaman barang substitusi, karena kesalahan stok bisa membuat pelanggan beralih ke produk pengganti.<\/p>\n<p>Dengan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/inventaris\">software inventory HashMicro<\/a>, Anda dapat memantau ketersediaan barang secara real-time sehingga keputusan harga dan distribusi tetap kompetitif. Selain itu, sistem ini membantu Anda lebih adaptif dalam mengelola permintaan yang elastis akibat hadirnya produk substitusi.<\/p>\n<p>Dalam menghadapi ancaman barang substitusi, fitur-fitur software inventory HashMicro membantu Anda menjaga efisiensi dan akurasi inventaris, seperti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Inventory forecasting:<\/strong> Memperkirakan kebutuhan stok di periode tertentu agar bisnis tetap siap meski terjadi pergeseran permintaan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Low stock notification:<\/strong> Memberikan notifikasi otomatis saat stok minimum tercapai sehingga pelanggan tidak lari ke produk substitusi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stock request management:<\/strong> Mengelola permintaan stok antar cabang atau gudang dengan approval otomatis untuk menjaga distribusi tetap lancar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stock optimizer per warehouse:<\/strong> Menyajikan strategi penempatan barang antar gudang agar kapasitas penyimpanan lebih efisien dan responsif terhadap tren pasar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stock aging analysis:<\/strong> Menganalisis usia stok untuk menentukan prioritas penjualan sehingga risiko tergeser produk substitusi berkurang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Barcode management:<\/strong> Melacak pengiriman dan penerimaan barang dengan cepat dan akurat demi memastikan ketersediaan tepat waktu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>AI-based features (Hashy AI):<\/strong> Mempercepat dan mengefisienkan seluruh proses inventaris dengan kecerdasan buatan untuk respons pasar yang lebih adaptif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>&#8220;saya melihat HashMicro mampu menghadapi tantangan produk substitusi dengan sangat efektif karena sistemnya membantu saya membaca tren permintaan dan menyesuaikan strategi lebih cepat dari perubahan pasar.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; Anandia Denisha, MBA<\/strong>, Regional Manager<\/p>\n<style>\r\n.cta-in-article-image .desktop-banner{\r\n    display: none;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n}\r\n.cta-in-article-image .desktop-mobile{\r\n    display: block;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n}\r\n\t.cta-in-article a {\r\n\t\tfont-size: 0px !important;\r\n\t\tcolor: #fff; \r\n\t\tpadding: 0px !important; \r\n\t\tborder-radius: 0px !important; \r\n\t\tdisplay: block !important; \r\n\t\ttext-decoration: none; \r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.cta-in-article {\r\n\t\tmargin: 0px !important;\r\n\t\tpadding: 0px !important;\r\n\t\tbox-shadow: none !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n@media (min-width: 650px) {\r\n    .cta-in-article-image .desktop-banner {\r\n        display: block!important;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n@media (min-width: 650px) {\r\n   .cta-in-article-image .desktop-mobile {\r\n        display: none!important;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"cta-in-article-image\">\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/offer\/download-skema-harga-software-erp?blog&utm_source=blog&medium=banner-article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\t\t<div id=\"desktop-banner-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop-banner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/02.Skema-Harga-web-resized.webp\" alt=\"download skema harga software erp\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div id=\"mobile-banner-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop-mobile\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"372\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/02.-Skema-Harga-Mobile-372px.webp\" alt=\"download skema harga software erp\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>Kesimpulan<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Memahami konsep <strong>barang substitusi<\/strong> bukan lagi sekadar teori ekonomi, melainkan sebuah keharusan strategis dalam dunia bisnis modern. Keberadaannya memberikan tekanan konstan pada harga, mengancam pangsa pasar, dan memacu inovasi.<\/p>\n<p>Melalui strategi yang proaktif seperti implementasi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/inventaris\">software inventaris HashMicro<\/a>, bisnis Anda diharapkan mampu tetap bersaing dan menjuarai pasar di tengah persaingan ketat.<\/p>\n<p>Dapatkan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/tour-produk-gratis\/\"><strong>demo gratis<\/strong><\/a> untuk merasakan langsung bagaimana HashMicro menjaga inventaris Anda tetap efisien dan mendukung strategi bisnis yang unggul.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/inventaris?medium=moneysite-banner\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/inventory-definitive.webp\" data-desktop-src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/inventory-definitive.webp\" data-mobile-src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/inventory-definitive-m.webp\" alt=\"Inventory_Definisi\" class=\"responsive-image-banner\"><\/a>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n    \/\/ check which image to use based on screensize\r\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n        function updateImageSource() {\r\n            var images = document.querySelectorAll('.responsive-image-banner');\r\n            var screenWidth = window.innerWidth;\r\n\r\n            images.forEach(function(img) {\r\n                var mobileSrc = img.getAttribute('data-mobile-src');\r\n                var desktopSrc = img.getAttribute('data-desktop-src');\r\n\r\n                if (screenWidth < 576 && mobileSrc) {\r\n                    img.setAttribute('src', mobileSrc);\r\n                } else {\r\n                    img.setAttribute('src', desktopSrc);\r\n                }\r\n            });\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Initial check\r\n        updateImageSource();\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Update on resize\r\n        window.addEventListener('resize', updateImageSource);\r\n    });\r\n<\/script>\n<h2><strong>Pertanyaan Umum (FAQ) tentang Barang Substitusi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dalam lanskap bisnis 2025 yang dinamis, kemampuan untuk memahami setiap elemen persaingan menjadi kunci utama keberhasilan. Banyak perusahaan fokus pada rival langsung, namun seringkali mengabaikan ancaman tersembunyi dari barang substitusi. Kegagalan mengidentifikasi produk substitusi dapat menyebabkan perusahaan kehilangan relevansi, menghadapi tekanan harga yang hebat, dan pada akhirnya, mengalami penurunan profitabilitas. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":160,"featured_media":172618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-172617","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-inventory"},"acf":{"post_reviewer":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.1 (Yoast SEO v25.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Barang Substitusi: Pengertian, Jenis-jenis, dan Contohnya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pelajari apa itu barang substitusi, jenis-jenis, dan contohnya dalam berbagai industri secara lengkap hanya di artikel ini.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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