{"id":2230,"date":"2024-01-21T10:35:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-21T10:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/?p=2230"},"modified":"2025-12-30T02:00:11","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T02:00:11","slug":"cogs-calculation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/","title":{"rendered":"COGS Calculation for Manufacturers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cost of goods sold (COGS) is the total cost directly incurred by a company to sell its goods or services. In manufacturing, the cost of goods sold is also known as the cost of goods manufactured (COGM). Manufacturing companies need to do COGS Calculations to find out the exact selling price of goods.<\/p>\n<p>Calculating costs and doing bookkeeping can be easier to manage with the help of a comprehensive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/accounting\">accounting system<\/a>. This system is suitable for many industries, including manufacturing. Therefore, many manufacturers are now implementing accounting software.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In general, the COGS includes raw material costs, labor costs, and overhead. Cash flow management in the company can be optimized using the right accounting application. Moreover, automating financial processes with this application can help with many aspects, including calculating costs. The best accounting system is the right solution for this.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #fffacd; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-radius: 25px 25px 25px 25px;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 15px; border: none;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #990000; color: #ffffff; padding: 5px;\"><b>Key Takeaways<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) represents the total expenses directly associated with producing and selling goods or services. In manufacturing, it&#8217;s also termed as the Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM).<\/li>\n<li>Implementing a comprehensive accounting system can streamline cost calculations and bookkeeping tasks. Such systems are beneficial across various industries, including manufacturing, and aid in optimizing cash flow management.<\/li>\n<li>To calculate COGS accurately, businesses focus on three key components: Beginning Inventory Costs, Ending Inventory Costs, and Inventory Purchases. These elements are crucial for determining direct expenses and ensuring sound financial management decisions.<\/li>\n<li>Utilizing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/accounting\">accounting software<\/a>, such as HashMicro\u2019s cloud-based system, enables quick and accurate COGS calculations. These systems offer real-time access to financial data, facilitating better decision-making and operational efficiency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><style>\r\n.button-cta-custom {\r\n    background-color: #8a0e19;\r\n    color: #fff !important;\r\n    -webkit-transition: all .3s ease;\r\n    transition: all .3s ease;\r\n    padding: 8px 24px;\r\n    display: inline-block;\r\n    border-radius: 8px;\r\n    font-size: 16px;\r\n    font-weight: bold;\r\n}\r\n.button-cta-custom:hover{\r\n\tbackground-color:#991b26\t\t\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<a class=\"button-cta-custom\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/free-product-tour\/?medium=cta-button\" target=\"_blank\">Click Here to Get the Free Demo!<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/free-product-tour\/?medium=free-product-tour\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Free-Product-Tour-resized.webp\" alt=\"Free Demo\"><\/a> <!-- <div id=\"toc_group_article\" style=''>\r\n\t<p style='font-size:25px;font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:0px'>\r\n\t\tTable of Content:\r\n\t<\/p>\r\n\t<ul id=\"list_toc\" class='list_toc'><\/ul>\r\n<\/div> -->\r\n\r\n<!-- <div class=\"dropdown-fixed-top\" id=\"dropdown-fixed-top\">\r\n\t<div class=\"row\">\r\n\t\t<p id=\"pilihDaftarIsi\">Table of Content<\/p>\r\n\t\t<p><i class=\"td-icon-menu-down\"><\/i><\/p>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<div>\r\n\t\t<ul id=\"list_toc_top\" class='list_toc'><\/ul>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div> -->\r\n\r\n<div id=\"placeholder-toc\"><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"toc\">\r\n    <div class=\"header\">\r\n\t<span class=\"toc-title\" id=\"toc-title\">Table of Content<\/span>\t\r\n\t <i class=\"toc-icon\">\r\n        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"header-icon\">\r\n          <path d=\"m6 9 6 6 6-6\" \/>\r\n        <\/svg>\r\n      <\/i>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"list\">\r\n      <ul id=\"toc-list\"><\/ul>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\t@media (max-width: 992px) {\r\n\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tpadding-top: 24px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_float {\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(100vh - 250px);\r\n\t\toverflow-y: auto;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top {\r\n\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\tbackground: #fff;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 4px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top li {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\t\tlist-style: none;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top a {\r\n\t\tpadding: 5px;\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc_top.show {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t#list_toc_top a {\r\n\t\tcolor: #434343;\r\n\t\tborder-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top {\r\n\t\tposition: fixed;\r\n\t\ttop: 59px;\r\n\t\twidth: 100%;\r\n\t\tz-index: 99;\r\n\t\tborder-bottom: 2px solid #9c171e;\r\n\t\tpadding: 12px;\r\n\t\tbackground: #fff;\r\n\t\twidth: 100%;\r\n\t\tcursor: pointer;\r\n\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\tleft: 0;\r\n\t\tbox-shadow: 0 -2px 7px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17);\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#dropdown-fixed-top.show {\r\n\t\tanimation: showAnim 0.5s ease;\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes showAnim {\r\n\t\tfrom {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\tto {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top #list_toc_top {\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(50vh - 110px);\r\n\t\toverflow-y: scroll;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top .row {\r\n\t\tdisplay: flex;\r\n\t\tjustify-content: space-between\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.dropdown-fixed-top .row p {\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#pilihDaftarIsi {\r\n\t\tmax-width: 100%;\r\n\t\toverflow: hidden;\r\n\t\twhite-space: nowrap;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width: 1018px) {\r\n\t\t.dropdown-fixed-top {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc > li > ul {padding-left: 20px;margin-bottom: 0;}\r\n\t#list_toc{height:max-content;transition:ease-in-out}\r\n\t#list_toc li {margin-bottom: 0;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li.active > a {color:#b1252d;background: #ffe1e3;}\r\n\t#list_toc_top li.active > a {color:#b1252d;background: #ffe1e3;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {padding:3px 7px}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li a {\r\n\t\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\tcolor: #000;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 6px;\r\n\t\tpadding-top: 2px;\r\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 2px;\r\n\t\ttransition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 15px;\r\n\t\tline-height: 18px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#list_toc_float li{list-style:none;list-style-position:inside; margin-left:0;}\r\n\t#list_toc_float a:hover{color:#b1252d;}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc_group_float{\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tmax-height: calc(100vh - 100px);\r\n\t\toverflow: auto;\r\n\t\tz-index: 99;\r\n\t\tdisplay:none!important;\r\n\t\tbackground:#fff;\r\n\t\ttransition:all 0.5s linear\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width:1019px){\r\n\t\t#toc_group_float {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:block!important;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t#toc_group_article {\r\n\t\t\tdisplay:none;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<!-- ToC styling  -->\r\n<style>\r\n\t\/* Simple styling for the TOC *\/\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc ul li:last-child {\r\n    padding-bottom: 16px; \/* Adjust the value as needed *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: unset !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: unset !important; \r\n}\r\n.footer-contact .td-fix-index {\r\n\t transform: translateZ(0) !important;\r\n     -webkit-transform: translateZ(0) !important; \r\n}\r\n\t.tdb_single_content .tdb-block-inner.td-fix-index{\r\n\t\tposition: static;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n#toc {\r\n  background-color: #FFF;\r\n\tpadding: 17px 24px 0px 24px !important;\r\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n\/*   border: 1px solid #9C171E; *\/\r\n  border-radius: 6px;\r\n\tdisplay: none;\r\n  max-width: 100%;\r\n  transition: .4s ease height;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\toverflow: hidden;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc .header{\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n\tbackground-color: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc.sticky .header{\r\n\t\tpadding: 4px 0;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.header p{\r\n  font-size: 18px !important;\r\n  font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n  color: #393939;\r\n   margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  \/* margin-top: 20px; *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.toc-icon{\r\n  float: right;\r\n\/*   visibility: hidden; *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n\t.toc-title{\r\n\t\tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\/* \t\tpadding-left: 20px; *\/\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 600;\r\n\t\talign-self: center;\t}\t\r\n\r\n#toc ul {\r\n  list-style-type: none;\r\n  padding-left: 0;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc.sticky ul{\r\n\toverflow-y: auto;\r\n\tmax-height: 250px;\r\n\tmargin-top: 0px;\r\n\tpadding-top: 20px;\r\n\/* \tborder-top: 1px solid #d3d3d3; *\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc ul li {\r\n\/*   margin-bottom: 10px; *\/\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0;\r\n\ttransition: .2s ease;\r\n\tcursor: pointer;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc.sticky ul li {\r\n\t  margin-right: 10px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list li a:hover, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tpadding: 8px 16px 8px 16px; *\/\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 16px;\r\n\tborder-radius: 6px;\r\n\tcolor: #9c171e !important;\r\n\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.td-post-content #toc-list li:hover a, .td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\t\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 600 !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n.td-post-content #toc-list a.active{\r\n\tfont-weight: bold !important;\r\n\tcolor: #9C171E !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n#toc a, .td-post-content #toc-list a {\r\n  text-decoration: none;\r\n  color: #ea1717 !important;\r\n  transition: .2s ease;\r\n\tfont-weight: 400 !important;\r\n\tdisplay: block;\r\n\t\r\n\tpadding: 4px 16px 4px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky {\r\n  position: fixed;\r\n\/*   top: 73px; *\/\r\n\tbottom: 0;\r\n  z-index: 100; \r\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); \r\n\twidth: 100%; \r\n\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\/* \tbackground-color: #FFF1F1; *\/\r\n\tborder-bottom: 1px solid #ea1717;\r\n\/*   border: 1px solid #393939; *\/\r\n  box-shadow: 0px 0px 14px 0px #00000040;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\tpadding: 12px 16px !important;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadein{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadein .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.fadeout{\r\n\t\tanimation: fadeout .3s ease;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadein{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@keyframes fadeout{\r\n\t\t0% {\r\n\t\t\topacity: 1;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t100%{\r\n\t\t\topacity: 0;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t\r\n#toc.sticky .header p{\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\r\n\tmargin-top: 10px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .toc-icon{\r\n  visibility: visible;\r\n\/* \ttransition: 0.4s ease; *\/\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t.toc-icon{\r\n\t\talign-items: center;\r\n    \tdisplay: flex;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\tsvg.header-icon{\r\n\/* \t\tbackground-color: #9c171e; *\/\r\n\t\tbackground-color: #FFF;\r\n\t\tborder-radius: 30px;\r\n\t\tpadding: 5px;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n#toc.sticky .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\t\r\n\t#toc .list{\r\n\/*   max-height: 0; *\/\r\n  transition: height 0.4s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#toc .header.active .toc-icon{\r\n\ttransform: rotate(0deg); \r\n\topacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\t#toc .header.active + .list {\r\n\t  max-height: 200px; \/* Adjust this value as needed *\/\r\n\t  opacity: 1;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#placeholder-toc{\r\n\/* \t\tdisplay: none; *\/\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 104px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 0px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: unset !important;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t@media (max-width: 767px){\r\n\t\t#toc{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 100% !important;\r\n\t\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t#toc.sticky{\r\n\t\t\twidth: 90% !important;\r\n\/* \t\t\ttop: 81px; *\/\r\n\t\t\tbottom: 60px;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-left: auto;\r\n\t\t\tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\t\t\tpadding: 0 16px;\r\n\t\t\tright: 5%;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t<\/style>\r\n\r\n<!-- ToC List for mobile -->\r\n<script>\r\n \/\/ Generate TOC based on headings\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  \/\/ Get the element that will contain the TOC\r\n  const tocList = document.getElementById('toc-list');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Get the element with the ID 'article-left'\r\n  const article = document.querySelector('.td-post-content');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Find all h2 elements within 'myarticle'\r\n  const headers = article.getElementsByTagName('h2');\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Loop through the h2 elements and create a list item for each one\r\n  for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {\r\n    const header = headers[i];\r\n    const headerText = header.textContent;\r\n\/\/     const headerId = 'header-' + i;\r\n    const headerId = headerText\r\n    .toLowerCase()\r\n    .trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^\\w\\s-]\/g, '')  \/\/ hapus tanda baca\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-'); \/\/ ganti spasi jadi \"-\"\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Set an ID for the header if it doesn't have one\r\n    header.setAttribute('id', headerId);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a list item for the TOC\r\n    const listItem = document.createElement('li');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Create a link for the list item\r\n    const link = document.createElement('a');\r\n    link.setAttribute('href', '#' + headerId);\r\n    link.textContent = headerText;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the link to the list item\r\n    listItem.appendChild(link);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Append the list item to the TOC list\r\n    tocList.appendChild(listItem);\r\n  }\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ Keep height and placement of content using placeholder in place of TOC\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const placeholderToc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n\r\n  function setPlaceholderHeight() {\r\n    placeholderToc.style.height = `${toc.offsetHeight}px`;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Set the initial height of the placeholder\r\n  setPlaceholderHeight();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Update the height on window resize\r\n  window.addEventListener('resize', setPlaceholderHeight);\r\n});\r\n  const tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title'); \/\/ Assuming header-faq is the element for TOC title\r\n\r\n\/\/ Sticky TOC and update heading\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  const toc = document.querySelector('#toc');\r\n  const footer = document.querySelector('.td-footer-template-wrap');\r\n  const tocParent = toc.parentElement;\r\n  const divTop = tocParent.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset;\r\n  const tocHeight = toc.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerPoint = divTop + tocHeight + 700;\r\n  const footerHeight = footer.offsetHeight;\r\n  const triggerFooterPoint = footer.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset - footerHeight - footerHeight - footerHeight;\r\n  const phtoc = document.querySelector('#placeholder-toc');\r\n  const headers = document.querySelectorAll('.td-post-content h2');\r\n  const navLinks = document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a');\r\n\t\r\n\tconst panel2 = document.querySelector(\"#toc .list\");\r\n\tvar icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n\r\n  let activeLink = null; \/\/ Declare activeLink outside the loop\r\n\t\r\n  \/\/ Function to handle scroll and add\/remove .sticky class\r\n  function handleScroll() {\r\n    const windowTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;\r\n    let currentHeader = '';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Highlight user progress as the heading comes\r\n    headers.forEach(header => {\r\n\t\tconst headerTop = header.offsetTop;\r\n\t\tconst headerHeight = header.clientHeight;\r\n\t\tif (window.scrollY >= (headerTop - headerHeight + 700)) {\r\n\t\t\tconst currentHeaderId = header.getAttribute('id');\r\n\t\t\tconst currentHeaderText = document.getElementById(currentHeaderId).textContent;\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tconsole.log(\"current header text:\", currentHeaderText);\r\n\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = currentHeaderText;\r\n\t\t\tcurrentHeader = currentHeaderId;\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\t\ttocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Content';\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t});\r\n\r\n    navLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n      link.classList.remove('active');\r\n      if(currentHeader != '') {\r\n\t\t  if (link.getAttribute('href').includes(currentHeader)) {\r\n\t\t\t  link.classList.add('active');\r\n\t\t  }\r\n\t  }\r\n    });\r\n\/\/     if (windowTop < triggerFooterPoint) {\r\n\/\/         toc.style.display = 'block';\r\n\/\/ \t}else{\r\n\/\/         toc.style.display = 'none';\r\n\/\/ \t}\r\n    \/\/ Update TOC title if sticky\r\n    if (windowTop > triggerPoint) {\r\n      if (!toc.classList.contains('sticky')) {\r\n        phtoc.style.display = \"block\";\r\n        toc.classList.add('sticky');\r\n        toc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n        toc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n        toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\t\tpanel2.style.height = '0px';\r\n\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\t\t  if(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t  const tocs = document.querySelector('#toc.sticky');\r\n\t\t\t  tocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Content'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n       \t\t  toc.style.width = '150px'; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n\t\t  }\r\n      }\r\n      if (currentHeader) {\r\n\/\/         console.log(\"activeLink:\", activeLink);\r\n        if (activeLink) {\r\n\/\/           tocTitle.textContent = activeLink.textContent; \/\/ Update TOC title\r\n          tocTitle.textContent = activeLink ? activeLink.textContent : \"\"; \/\/ Update title only if activeLink exists\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    } else {\r\n      toc.classList.remove('sticky');\r\n      phtoc.style.display = \"none\";\r\n      toc.style.width = 'unset'; \/\/ Reset to original width\r\n      toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n      tocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Content'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n\t\tpanel2.style.height = panel2.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n\t\ticon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Attach the scroll event listener to the window\r\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', handleScroll);\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Initial call to handleScroll to set the correct state on load\r\n    handleScroll();\r\n});\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/ Open toggle TOC\r\n\t  document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n\t\tvar tocHeader = document.querySelector(\"#toc .header\");\r\n\t\tvar toc = document.querySelector(\"#toc\");\r\n\t\tvar icon = document.querySelector(\".toc-icon\");\r\n\t\tconst tocTitle = document.querySelector('#toc-title');\r\n\t\tconst tocs = document.querySelector('#toc.sticky');\r\n \t\tconst tocParent = toc.parentElement;\t\t  \r\n\r\n\t\t  tocHeader.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\r\n\t\t\tvar panel = this.nextElementSibling;\r\n\t\t\tif (panel.style.height !== '0px') { \/\/ Check if height is not 0px\r\n\t\t\t  panel.style.height = '0px'; \/\/ Set height to 0 for full collapse\r\n\t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\ttoc.style.paddingBottom = '6px'; \r\n\t\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth > 768){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif(!toc.classList.contains('sticky')){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = \"unset\";\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif (toc.classList.contains('sticky')){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = '${tocParent.offsetWidth}px';\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = \"unset\"; \/\/ Reset width\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\ttoc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF1F1\";\r\n\t\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t  panel.style.height = panel.scrollHeight + \"px\";\r\n\t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(0deg)\";\r\n\t\t\t  toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\t\t\t  tocTitle.textContent = 'Table of Content'; \/\/ Reset title\r\n\t\t\t\ttoc.style.paddingBottom = '24px';\r\n\t\t\t \tif(window.innerWidth < 767){\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttoc.style.width = `${tocParent.offsetWidth}px`; \/\/ Set width to match the parent element\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttoc.setAttribute('style', 'width: ' + tocParent.offsetWidth + 'px !important;');\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t  });\r\n\r\n\t\t  \/\/ Close TOC when a link inside it is clicked\r\n\t\t  var tocLinks = document.querySelectorAll(\"#toc .list a\");\r\n\t\t  tocLinks.forEach(function(link) {\r\n\t\t\tlink.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\r\n\t\t\t  var panel = document.querySelector(\"#toc .list\");\r\n\t\t\t  panel.style.height = '0px'; \/\/ Set height to 0 for full collapse\r\n\t\t\t  icon.style.transform = \"rotate(180deg)\";\r\n\t\t\t  toc.style.backgroundColor = \"#FFF\";\r\n\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t  });\r\n\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\/\/ \tmake the heading at the center of the viewport\r\n\/\/ \tdocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n\/\/     \/\/ Add click event listener to all links in the TOC list\r\n\/\/     document.querySelectorAll('#toc-list a').forEach(anchor => {\r\n\/\/         anchor.addEventListener('click', function (e) {\r\n\/\/             e.preventDefault(); \/\/ Prevent the default behavior of jumping to the anchor\r\n\/\/ \/\/ \t\t\tconsole.log(\"prevent default\");\r\n\/\/             const targetId = this.getAttribute('href').substring(1); \/\/ Get the ID of the target element\r\n\/\/             const targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId); \/\/ Get the target element\r\n\r\n\/\/             if (targetElement) {\r\n\/\/                 const headerHeight = document.querySelector('#toc .header').offsetHeight; \/\/ Get the height of the fixed header\r\n\/\/                 const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; \/\/ Get the height of the viewport\r\n\/\/                 const targetOffset = targetElement.offsetTop; \/\/ Get the top offset of the target element\r\n\/\/                 const scrollTo = targetOffset + (windowHeight \/ 2) + (headerHeight); \/\/ Calculate the scroll position to center the target element\r\n\r\n\/\/                 \/\/ Scroll to the calculated position smoothly\r\n\/\/                 window.scrollTo({\r\n\/\/                     top: scrollTo,\r\n\/\/                     behavior: 'smooth'\r\n\/\/                 });\r\n\/\/             }\r\n\/\/         });\r\n\/\/     });\r\n\/\/ });\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<!-- START script lama -->\r\n<!-- <script>\r\n\/\/ \tvar pilihDaftarIsi = document.getElementById('pilihDaftarIsi');\r\n\t\r\n\/\/ \tdocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n\/\/ \t\tvar dropdownFixedTop = document.querySelector('.dropdown-fixed-top');\r\n\r\n\/\/ \t\tdropdownFixedTop.addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tvar dropdownContent = this.querySelector('.list_toc');\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tdropdownContent.classList.toggle('show');\r\n\/\/ \t\t});\r\n\r\n\/\/ \t\twindow.addEventListener('click', function(event) {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tvar listTocTop = document.getElementById('list_toc_top');\r\n\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tif (!dropdownFixedTop.contains(event.target)) {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t\tlistTocTop.classList.remove('show');\r\n\/\/ \t\t\t}\r\n\/\/ \t\t});\r\n\/\/ \t});\r\n\t\r\n\/\/ \tvar daftarIsiContainer = document.getElementById('toc_group_article');\r\n\/\/ \tvar dropdownFixedTop = document.getElementById('dropdown-fixed-top');\r\n\/\/     var triggered = false; \/\/ Flag to keep track of whether the function has been triggered\r\n\r\n\/\/     window.addEventListener('scroll', function() {\r\n\/\/         if (!triggered && isCompletelyScrolledPast(daftarIsiContainer)) {\r\n\/\/             showSectionDropdownFixedTop(false);\r\n\/\/             triggered = true;\r\n\/\/         } else if (triggered && !isCompletelyScrolledPast(daftarIsiContainer)) {\r\n\/\/             showSectionDropdownFixedTop(true);\r\n\/\/             triggered = false;\r\n\/\/         }\r\n\/\/     });\r\n\r\n\/\/     function isCompletelyScrolledPast(element) {\r\n\/\/         var elementTop = element.getBoundingClientRect().top;\r\n\/\/         var elementBottom = element.getBoundingClientRect().bottom;\r\n\/\/         return elementTop < 0 && elementBottom < 0;\r\n\/\/     }\r\n\r\n\/\/     function showSectionDropdownFixedTop(show) {\r\n\/\/ \t\tif (show) {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tdropdownFixedTop.classList.remove(\"show\");\r\n\/\/ \t\t} else {\r\n\/\/ \t\t\tdropdownFixedTop.classList.add(\"show\");\r\n\/\/ \t\t}\r\n\/\/     }\r\n<\/script> -->\r\n<!-- <script>\r\n    \/\/ Scrollspy function to highlight the active TOC item based on the scroll position\r\n  function scrollSpy(tocClass) {\r\n    const scrollPosition = window.scrollY;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Find the active h2 and h3 headings based on their position in the corresponding TOC\r\n    let activeH2 = null;\r\n    let activeH3 = null;\r\n\r\n    const tocItems = document.querySelectorAll(`.${tocClass} li`);\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (!a) return;\r\n      const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n      const targetId = href.substring(1); \/\/ Remove the '#' from the href to get the target ID\r\n      const targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId);\r\n      if (!targetElement) return;\r\n\r\n      const targetTop = targetElement.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition;\r\n      const nextItem = item.nextElementSibling;\r\n      const nextTop = nextItem ? nextItem.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition : Infinity;\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop <= scrollPosition + 150) {\r\n        if (a.parentElement.parentElement === tocItems) {\r\n          \/\/ The h2 heading is at the root level of the TOC\r\n          activeH2 = { id: targetId, level: 'h2' };\r\n        } else {\r\n          \/\/ The h3 heading is nested under an h2 heading\r\n          const parentH2 = a.parentElement.parentElement.previousElementSibling;\r\n          if (parentH2) {\r\n            const h2Link = parentH2.querySelector('a');\r\n            if (h2Link) {\r\n              const h2Href = h2Link.getAttribute('href');\r\n              const h2Id = h2Href.substring(1);\r\n              activeH2 = { id: h2Id, level: 'h2' };\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n          activeH3 = { id: targetId, level: 'h3' };\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop > scrollPosition + 150 && nextTop > scrollPosition + 150 && !activeH3) {\r\n        \/\/ Reset the activeH2 when there are no more active h3 headings\r\n        activeH2 = null;\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Update the active state for the TOC items\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      item.classList.remove('active');\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (a) {\r\n        const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n        const targetId = href.substring(1);\r\n        if ((activeH2 && activeH2.id === targetId) || (activeH3 && activeH3.id === targetId)) {\r\n          item.classList.add('active');\r\n\t\t  pilihDaftarIsi.innerHTML = a.textContent;\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Call scrollSpy for each TOC on window scroll\r\n  const tocClasses = ['list_toc', 'list_toc_float', 'list_toc_top']; \/\/ Add other TOC class names here if you have more than two instances\r\n  tocClasses.forEach(tocClass => {\r\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', () => scrollSpy(tocClass));\r\n  });\r\n<\/script> -->\r\n<!-- END script lama -->\r\n\t\r\n<script>\r\n    \/\/ Scrollspy function to highlight the active TOC item based on the scroll position\r\n  function scrollSpy(tocClass) {\r\n    const scrollPosition = window.scrollY;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Find the active h2 and h3 headings based on their position in the corresponding TOC\r\n    let activeH2 = null;\r\n    let activeH3 = null;\r\n\r\n    const tocItems = document.querySelectorAll(`.${tocClass} li`);\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (!a) return;\r\n      const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n      const targetId = href.substring(1); \/\/ Remove the '#' from the href to get the target ID\r\n      const targetElement = document.getElementById(targetId);\r\n      if (!targetElement) return;\r\n\r\n      const targetTop = targetElement.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition;\r\n      const nextItem = item.nextElementSibling;\r\n      const nextTop = nextItem ? nextItem.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollPosition : Infinity;\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop <= scrollPosition + 150) {\r\n        if (a.parentElement.parentElement === tocItems) {\r\n          \/\/ The h2 heading is at the root level of the TOC\r\n          activeH2 = { id: targetId, level: 'h2' };\r\n        } else {\r\n          \/\/ The h3 heading is nested under an h2 heading\r\n          const parentH2 = a.parentElement.parentElement.previousElementSibling;\r\n          if (parentH2) {\r\n            const h2Link = parentH2.querySelector('a');\r\n            if (h2Link) {\r\n              const h2Href = h2Link.getAttribute('href');\r\n              const h2Id = h2Href.substring(1);\r\n              activeH2 = { id: h2Id, level: 'h2' };\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n          activeH3 = { id: targetId, level: 'h3' };\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      if (targetTop > scrollPosition + 150 && nextTop > scrollPosition + 150 && !activeH3) {\r\n        \/\/ Reset the activeH2 when there are no more active h3 headings\r\n        activeH2 = null;\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Update the active state for the TOC items\r\n    tocItems.forEach(item => {\r\n      item.classList.remove('active');\r\n      const a = item.querySelector('a');\r\n      if (a) {\r\n        const href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n        const targetId = href.substring(1);\r\n        if ((activeH2 && activeH2.id === targetId) || (activeH3 && activeH3.id === targetId)) {\r\n          item.classList.add('active');\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Call scrollSpy for each TOC on window scroll\r\n  const tocClasses = ['list_toc', 'list_toc_float']; \/\/ Add other TOC class names here if you have more than two instances\r\n  tocClasses.forEach(tocClass => {\r\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', () => scrollSpy(tocClass));\r\n  });\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\r\n\r\n<!-- ToC List for desktop side bar, diganti jadi inject by php, di code snippet \"Sidebar Accordion\" -->\r\n<!--  <script>\r\n\tdocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\nToC List for desktop side bar, diganti jadi inject by php, di code snippet \"Sidebar Accordion\"\r\n        Fungsi untuk mengubah teks menjadi format id\r\n        function formatId(text) {\r\n            return text.trim().replace(\/[^\\w\\d]+\/g, '_');\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk membuat nested list\r\n        function createNestedList(parentNode, children) {\r\n            if (children.length === 0) return;\r\n\r\n            const nestedUl = document.createElement('ul');\r\n            children.forEach(child => {\r\n                const nestedLi = document.createElement('li');\r\n                const nestedA = document.createElement('a');\r\n                nestedA.textContent = child.title;\r\n                nestedA.href = `#${child.id}`;\r\n                nestedLi.appendChild(nestedA);\r\n                nestedUl.appendChild(nestedLi);\r\n\r\n                if (child.children.length > 0) {\r\n                    createNestedList(nestedLi, child.children);\r\n                }\r\n            });\r\n\r\n            parentNode.appendChild(nestedUl);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Membuat objek untuk menyimpan daftar h2 dan h3 beserta judulnya\r\n        const headings = [];\r\n\r\n           \/\/ Mengambil semua elemen h2 dan h3\r\n        const elements = document.querySelectorAll('.td-post-content h2');\r\n\t\t\t\/\/, .td-post-content h3\r\n\r\n        elements.forEach(element => {\r\n            if (element.tagName === 'H2') {\r\n                const id = formatId(element.textContent);\r\n                element.id = id;\r\n\t\t\t\tif (element.textContent.toLowerCase() === \"key takeaways\") {return;} \/\/ Kalau Key Takeaways, jangan dimasukin\r\n                headings.push({ level: 'h2', id: id, title: element.textContent, children: [] });\r\n            } else if (element.tagName === 'H3') {\r\n                const id = formatId(element.textContent);\r\n                element.id = id;\r\n                if (headings.length > 0) {\r\n                    headings[headings.length - 1].children.push({ level: 'h3', id: id, title: element.textContent, children: [] });\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        });\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Membuat list HTML dari objek headings\r\n        const ul = document.getElementById('list_toc');\r\n        let currentUl = ul;\r\n        headings.forEach(heading => {\r\n            const li = document.createElement('li');\r\n            const a = document.createElement('a');\r\n            a.textContent = heading.title;\r\n            a.href = `#${heading.id}`;\r\n            li.appendChild(a);\r\n\r\n            if (heading.level === 'h2') {\r\n                \/\/ Menyimpan ul saat ini untuk menambahkan nested ul\r\n                currentUl = li;\r\n                ul.appendChild(li);\r\n            } else if (heading.level === 'h3') {\r\n                if (!currentUl.lastElementChild || currentUl.lastElementChild.tagName !== 'UL') {\r\n                    \/\/ Jika belum ada nested ul, buat satu\r\n                    const nestedUl = document.createElement('ul');\r\n                    currentUl.appendChild(nestedUl);\r\n                    currentUl = nestedUl;\r\n                }\r\n                currentUl.appendChild(li);\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            createNestedList(li, heading.children);\r\n        });\r\n\t\tDapatkan elemen ul dengan id 'list_toc_float'\r\nconst ulFloat = document.getElementById('list_toc');\r\nconst ulJourney = document.getElementById('list_journey');\r\n\r\nDapatkan isi (child elements) dari ul dengan id 'list_toc_float'\r\n\tif (ulFloat !== null) {\r\n\t\tconst clonedChildren = ulFloat.cloneNode(true).children;\r\n\t\tconst ulToc = document.getElementById('list_toc_float');\r\n\t\tconst ulTocTop = document.getElementById('list_toc_top');\r\n\t\tif ((ulToc !== null || ulToc !== undefined) && window.innerWidth > 1018){\r\n\t\t\tulToc.append(...clonedChildren);\r\n\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\tulTocTop.append(...clonedChildren);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t} \r\n\r\n\tif (ulJourney !== null) {\r\n\t\tconst clonedChildrenJourney = ulJourney.cloneNode(true).children;\r\n\t\tconst ulTocJourney = document.getElementById('list_toc_journey');\r\n\t\tulTocJourney.append(...clonedChildrenJourney);\r\n\t} \r\n\t\r\n        Fungsi untuk mengambil tinggi navbar\r\n        function getNavbarHeight() {\r\n            const navbar = document.getElementById('tdi_34');\r\n            return navbar ? navbar.offsetHeight : 0;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk menambahkan offset posisi scroll\r\n        function scrollToElementWithOffset(elementId) {\r\n            const element = document.getElementById(elementId);\r\n            if (element) {\r\n                const offset = getNavbarHeight();\r\n                const elementPosition = element.getBoundingClientRect().top;\r\n                const offsetPosition = elementPosition - offset-40;\r\n\r\n                window.scrollBy({\r\n                    top: offsetPosition,\r\n                    behavior: 'smooth'\r\n                });\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Fungsi untuk menangani klik pada tautan judul\r\n        function handleTitleClick(event) {\r\n            event.preventDefault();\r\n            const href = event.target.getAttribute('href').substr(1);\r\n            scrollToElementWithOffset(href);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Tambahkan event listener untuk semua tautan judul\r\n        const titleLinks = document.querySelectorAll('a[href^=\"#\"]');\r\n        titleLinks.forEach(link => {\r\n            link.addEventListener('click', handleTitleClick);\r\n        });\r\n\t});\r\n    <\/script> -->\r\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1\"><strong>The Basic Components of COGS Calculation<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To get an accurate COGS calculation using the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cost-of-goods-sold-formula\/\">cost of goods sold (COGS) formula<\/a>, you need to know the three basic components that determine it. The three components are:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Beginning Inventory Costs (at the beginning of the year)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The beginning inventory costs are all the inventory costs at the beginning of the period or the current financial year. The purpose of this inventory is to calculate the amount of inventory that has been sold in one period. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manufacturers can determine the balance of the beginning inventory costs from the current account balance, the company&#8217;s initial balance sheet, or the previous year&#8217;s balance sheet.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Ending Inventory Costs (at the end of the year)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ending inventory costs are all the inventory costs at the end of the period or the end of the current financial year. Manufacturers can figure out the balance of the ending inventory costs from the adjustment report at the end of the period. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subtract the number of products ready for sale from the starting merchandise inventory plus net purchases to get the ending merchandise inventory.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Inventory Purchases<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inventory purchases include all raw material purchases made by the company, both cash and credit transactions. They also include the cost of transportation minus discounts and returns. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are five elements of net purchases that you need to pay attention to such as purchase freight costs, gross purchases, purchase discounts, purchase returns, and price reductions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ensure efficient procurement costs, manage purchase requests across multiple branches, seamlessly place orders with multiple suppliers, and get the best deals with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/procurement-and-purchasing-management-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the best purchasing system<\/a>. Moreover, if you&#8217;re interested in implementing a purchasing system, you can download the pricing scheme calculations first.<\/p>\n<style>\r\n.cta-in-article-image .desktop-banner{\r\n    display: none;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n}\r\n.cta-in-article-image .desktop-mobile{\r\n    display: block;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n}\r\n@media (min-width: 650px) {\r\n    .cta-in-article-image .desktop-banner {\r\n        display: block!important;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n@media (min-width: 650px) {\r\n   .cta-in-article-image .desktop-mobile {\r\n        display: none!important;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"cta-in-article-image\">\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/grants?utm_source=blog&medium=banner-article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\t\t<div id=\"desktop-banner-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop-banner\">\r\n<!-- \tnew CTC Grants Banner\t\t -->\r\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width='696' height='189' src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/CTC-Grants-scaled.webp\" alt=\"download skema harga software erp\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div id=\"mobile-banner-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop-mobile\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width='450' height='497' src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/EDG-Banner-Mobile.png.webp\" alt=\"download skema harga software erp\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\n<h2 id=\"2\"><strong>How to Calculate COGS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2231\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cost-of-goods-sold-large.png\" alt=\"COGS Calculation for Manufacturers\" width=\"700\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cost-of-goods-sold-large.png 900w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cost-of-goods-sold-large-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cost-of-goods-sold-large-768x427.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The COGS calculation method in manufacturing companies is slightly different from that of in-service and retail companies. Here are the steps to calculate it:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Calculate the Raw Materials Used<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since manufacturers produce their merchandise, they need raw materials. Raw materials are the main requirement for calculating the cost of goods sold. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manufacturers must determine how they will use much quantity of raw materials to produce an item.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here is how to calculate all the raw materials used in production:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Raw materials used = initial balance of raw materials + raw material purchases &#8211; the final balance of raw materials<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Calculate the Additional Production Costs<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to the main raw materials, other costs affect the production process of goods, from raw materials to finished goods. These costs include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Direct labor costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Overhead costs (non-basic raw material costs) such as electricity costs, maintenance costs, reparation costs, and so on.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Calculate the Total Production Cost<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The total production cost includes costs when the goods are entered into the production process and the cost to produce these items. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To determine the total cost of production, raw materials for goods at the beginning of the production period must be added to non-basic raw materials (e.g., direct labor and overhead). The company will subtract the goods remaining in the warehouse at the end of the period.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Calculate the Cost of Goods Sold<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now it\u2019s time for us to calculate the COGS. All you have to do is add the finished goods produced in the warehouse at the beginning of the period with the production cost of the current period, then reduce the finished goods remaining in the warehouse at the end of the period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here is the formula:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cost of Goods Sold = Initial balance of finished goods + production completed in the current period &#8211; the final balance of finished goods<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once you calculate the cost of the original items, you can calculate the gross income of your business. It is the amount of money that your business gets from sales before deducting taxes and other expenses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Additionally, this will give you a clearer picture of your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/manufacturing-financial-statements\/\">manufacturing company financial statement<\/a>, reflecting the true costs and profitability of your operations. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, you can find out more about the accounting software <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/grants\">pricing scheme<\/a> calculation beforehand.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Read the related article:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/accounting-software-benefits-for-business\/\">The Importance of Accounting Software for Businesses<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculating COGS manually is quite a hassle because it usually requires a lot of documents to record each component. In addition, manual COGS calculations are also prone to errors. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can make the COGS calculation a lot simpler and easier with the help of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/best-accounting-software\/\">best accounting software<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With HashMicro\u2019s cloud-based <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/accounting\">accounting system<\/a>, you can calculate the COGS accurately in just seconds. Therefore, manufacturers <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can monitor all their financial data anytime and anywhere through a single system. Schedule a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/free-product-tour\/\">free demo<\/a> now to experience the transformational power it brings to your operations.<\/span><\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/accounting?medium=moneysite-banner\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Accounting.webp\" alt=\"Accounting\"><\/a>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"What is Cost of goods sold (COGS)?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Cost of goods sold (COGS) is the total cost directly incurred by a company to sell their goods or services. In manufacturing, the cost of goods sold is also known as the cost of goods manufactured (COGM). Manufacturing companies need to do COGS Calculation to find out the exact selling price of goods.\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"What are things included in COGS?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"In general, the COGS includes raw material costs, labor costs, and overhead costs. Cash flow management in the company can be optimized using sales applications through timely payment of client bills with the help of automatic reminders.\"\n    }\n  }]\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cost of goods sold (COGS) is the total cost directly incurred by a company to sell its goods or services. In manufacturing, the cost of goods sold is also known as the cost of goods manufactured (COGM). Manufacturing companies need to do COGS Calculations to find out the exact selling price of goods. Calculating costs [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57928,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[153,89,253,87],"tags":[760,762,761],"class_list":{"0":"post-2230","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-accounting","8":"category-industries","9":"category-manufacturing","10":"category-products","11":"tag-cogm","12":"tag-cost-of-goods-sold-calculation","13":"tag-how-to-calculate-cogs"},"acf":{"content_type_custom_acf":false,"box_1":{"title":"","description":""},"box_2":{"title":"","description":""},"box_3":{"title":"","description":""},"post_reviewer":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to do COGS Calculation for Manufacturers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The COGS calculation method for manufacturers is important for service and retail companies. Here is how to calculate it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COGS Calculation for Manufacturers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The COGS calculation method for manufacturers is important for service and retail companies. Here is how to calculate it.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BusinessTech\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/hashmicro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-21T10:35:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-30T02:00:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"650\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hashmicro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@hashmicro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@hashmicro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hashmicro\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hashmicro\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c20b6fe2acc952edbc2a9ec5280f4bae\"},\"headline\":\"COGS Calculation for Manufacturers\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-21T10:35:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-30T02:00:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/\"},\"wordCount\":1064,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png\",\"keywords\":[\"cogm\",\"cost of goods sold calculation\",\"how to calculate cogs\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Accounting\",\"Industries\",\"Manufacturing\",\"Products\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/\",\"name\":\"How to do COGS Calculation for Manufacturers\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-21T10:35:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-30T02:00:11+00:00\",\"description\":\"The COGS calculation method for manufacturers is important for service and retail companies. Here is how to calculate it.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":650,\"caption\":\"cogs calculation\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"COGS Calculation for Manufacturers\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"BusinessTech\",\"description\":\"Business Management Blog\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"HashMicro\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/bt_logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/bt_logo-1.png\",\"width\":334,\"height\":51,\"caption\":\"HashMicro\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/hashmicro\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashmicro\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hashmicro\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c20b6fe2acc952edbc2a9ec5280f4bae\",\"name\":\"Hashmicro\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cropped-DALL\u00b7E-2023-02-14-13.37.16-photo-of-asian-looking-young-woman-1-1-96x96.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cropped-DALL\u00b7E-2023-02-14-13.37.16-photo-of-asian-looking-young-woman-1-1-96x96.png\",\"caption\":\"Hashmicro\"},\"description\":\"HashMicro is a software development and enterprise resource planning (ERP) company. Consequently, we often provide articles about ERP and other systems that all businesses need.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/author\/admin_hashmicro\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How to do COGS Calculation for Manufacturers","description":"The COGS calculation method for manufacturers is important for service and retail companies. Here is how to calculate it.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"COGS Calculation for Manufacturers","og_description":"The COGS calculation method for manufacturers is important for service and retail companies. Here is how to calculate it.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/","og_site_name":"BusinessTech","article_publisher":"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/hashmicro\/","article_published_time":"2024-01-21T10:35:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-30T02:00:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":650,"url":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Hashmicro","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@hashmicro","twitter_site":"@hashmicro","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Hashmicro","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/"},"author":{"name":"Hashmicro","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c20b6fe2acc952edbc2a9ec5280f4bae"},"headline":"COGS Calculation for Manufacturers","datePublished":"2024-01-21T10:35:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-30T02:00:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/"},"wordCount":1064,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png","keywords":["cogm","cost of goods sold calculation","how to calculate cogs"],"articleSection":["Accounting","Industries","Manufacturing","Products"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/","name":"How to do COGS Calculation for Manufacturers","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png","datePublished":"2024-01-21T10:35:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-30T02:00:11+00:00","description":"The COGS calculation method for manufacturers is important for service and retail companies. Here is how to calculate it.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/cogs-calculation.png","width":1200,"height":650,"caption":"cogs calculation"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/cogs-calculation\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"COGS Calculation for Manufacturers"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/","name":"BusinessTech","description":"Business Management Blog","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"HashMicro","url":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/bt_logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/bt_logo-1.png","width":334,"height":51,"caption":"HashMicro"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/hashmicro\/","https:\/\/x.com\/hashmicro","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hashmicro"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c20b6fe2acc952edbc2a9ec5280f4bae","name":"Hashmicro","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cropped-DALL\u00b7E-2023-02-14-13.37.16-photo-of-asian-looking-young-woman-1-1-96x96.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cropped-DALL\u00b7E-2023-02-14-13.37.16-photo-of-asian-looking-young-woman-1-1-96x96.png","caption":"Hashmicro"},"description":"HashMicro is a software development and enterprise resource planning (ERP) company. Consequently, we often provide articles about ERP and other systems that all businesses need.","url":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/author\/admin_hashmicro\/"}]}},"order_j":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2230"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77763,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2230\/revisions\/77763"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashmicro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}